Built in the 19th Century
WHS whose OUV derives entirely or significantly from 19th century constructions. Where construction straddles the centuries the date of conception/commencement is used i.e which century does the site really "belong" to in spirit.
Connected Sites
| Site | Rationale | Link |
| Aapravasi Ghat | The Ghat was the reception location for c 500000 indentured labourers arriving from 1834-1920. The main buildings date between 1849-65 | |
| As-Salt | Golden Age of As-Salt’s development between 1860s to 1920s. (AB ev) | |
| Asante Traditional Buildings | "There exists today only a small number of the traditional structures, habitats of man and gods, of which the majority are less than 100 years old" (AB eval). The Besease Shrine was built c1850 | |
| Astronomical Observatories of Kazan Federal University | "The current observatory was built in 1833-1837" (AB ev) | |
| Australian Convict Sites | Hyde Park Barracks, Fremantle Prison, Great North Road, Cascades Female Factory, Brickendon and Woolmers Estates | |
| Blaenavon Industrial Landscape | Although the Ironworks commenced in 1788 the majority of the growth took plae in the 19th century - Big Pit was opened in 1880 | |
| Budapest | Large parts of the inscribed area were constructed in the 19th century - the Bridge (1849) , the Parliament (1884-1904), the Andrassy Avenue area (1872-85 ) and the underground (1893-6) | |
| Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus | 1887 | |
| Cienfuegos | laid out in its current form in 1819 with 6 buildings remaining from then until 1850 and a further 327 to 1900 | |
| Coffee Cultural Landscape | Growing of coffee and construction of the towns started in the 19th century | |
| Colonies of Benevolence | Established in 1818, Frederiksoord (the Netherlands) is the earliest of these colonies (AB ev) | |
| Crespi d'Adda | from 1878 | |
| Curonian Spit | Criterion V: "massive protection and stabilization works begun in the 19th century and still continuing to the present day" | |
| Decorated Farmhouses of Hälsingland | Tradition dates from earlier, but these 7 were built in the 1800s | |
| Dutch Water Defence Lines | built 1883-1920 | |
| Erbil Citadel | "The nominated property today consists of 19th and early 20th century mainly residential built fabric and a few public buildings, the latter largely transformed, erected on top of an unexcavated tell. The defensive wall system that would justify the appellation of citadel has been replaced by a wall of tall house façades, which happened possibly sometime between the 18th and 19th centuries. "(AB ev) | |
| First Coffee Plantations | "Coffee production was established in the island of Saint-Domingue (Hispaniola) by French settlers in the 18th century. The uprisings from 1790 onwards, culminating in the establishment of the independent state of Haiti in 1804, resulted in the flight of French plantation owners, accompanied by many of their African slaves, to the neighbouring island of Cuba, then under Spanish rule. They were granted lands in the south-eastern part of the island in the foothills of the Sierra Maestra, at that time largely not settled and eminently suitable for coffee growing" (AB) | |
| Forth Bridge | opened in 1890 (AB ev) | |
| Fortified City of Carcassonne | It is of exceptional importance by virtue of the restoration work carried out in the second half of the 19th century by Viollet-le-Duc (AB ev) | |
| Fray Bentos | From 1865 to 1924 Giebert developed the Liebig Extract of Meat Company Limited (LEMCO) producing meat extract and corned beef (AB ev) | |
| Gedeo Cultural landscape | "At the end of the 19th century they looked for new territory beyond the chain of hills running southward along the Rift Valley escarpment that they then inhabited, and expanded southwards and eastwards into Guji territory with settlers establishing agroforestry practices in the new forest areas." (AB ev) | |
| Golestan Palace | it received its most characteristic features in the 19th century (Brief Description) | |
| Grand-Bassam | late 19th and early 20th-century colonial town (AB ev) | |
| Historic Jeddah | Most of the remaining historic buildings date from the 19th century | |
| Hospicio Cabañas | inaugurated in 1829 | |
| Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works | 200 works to mine and process the saltpeter, with towns to house the workers, and railways to transport the powder to coast, were established in an intensive period of around 50 years from 1880. (AB ev) | |
| Hué | Blossomed as capital of unified Viet Nam from 1802 on | |
| Island of Saint-Louis | Founded in 1659 by French traders on an uninhabited island but remained little more than a fortified factory until the English departed in 1817 after a 16 year occupation, leaving it in ruins. A "plan d'urbanisation" was prepared in 1828 defining the regular street layout etc and in 1854 a new governor, Faidherbe, oversaw the completion of the ensemble with further large scale projects. | |
| Kulangsu | introduction of modern western culture and technology since the opening of a commercial port at Xiamen in 1843 (AB ev) | |
| Kunta Kinteh Island | 6 Gun Battery and Fort Bullen were built in 1816 and 1826 "with the specific intent of thwarting the slave trade once it had become illegal in the British Empire after the passing of the Abolition Act in 1807." (AB eval) | |
| La Chaux-de-Fonds / Le Locle | Planned in the early 19th century, after extensive fires, the towns owed their existence to this single industry. (AB ev) | |
| Levuka | first stage of settlement at Levuka (1820s-1850) & represent 19th century British colonisation (AB ev) | |
| Major Town Houses | Hotel Tassel 1894, Hotel Solvay 1895-8, Hotel Van Eetvelde 1897 -1900, Maison and Atelier Horta 1898-1901 | |
| Mining Sites of Wallonia | Early 19th | |
| Mountain Railways of India | DHR 1879-81, Niligri 1891-1908, Kalka-Shimla 1899-1903 | |
| Museumsinsel (Museum Island) | Altes Museum built 1824-8. Master Plan created 1841, Neues Museum 1843-7, Nationalgalerie 1866, Bodenmuseum 1897-1904, Pergamonmuseum 1909-30 | |
| Muskauer Park | Founded in 1815 | |
| National History Park | Thre fort was constructed between 1805-20 and the Palace from 1810-13 | |
| Odesa | developed during its rapid growth in the 19th century (crit ii) | |
| Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto | Late 19th century (from 1860 on) | |
| Paris, Banks of the Seine | Eifel Tower (1889), Grand Palais | |
| Pearling | The pearling boom reached its apogee in the last quarter of the 19th century (AB ev) & earliest remaining inscribed buildings | |
| Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and Canal | 1805 | |
| Residence of Bukovinian & Dalmatian Metropolitans | ||
| Rideau Canal | Opened 1832 - project initiated in 1824 | |
| Royal Exhibition Building | Completed 1880 for the 1888 exhibition | |
| Royal Palaces of Abomey | Among the palaces surviving after the destruction of another 10 in the invasion of 1894 are those of Kings Ghezo (1818-58), Gl?l? (1858-89) and Behanzin (1889- 1894) | |
| SGang Gwaay | "Frozen" after the permanent inhabitants left in the late 19th century | |
| Saltaire | Founded by Sir Titus Salt in 1853 | |
| Semmering Railway | 1848-54 | |
| Shirakawa-go and Gokayama | Oldest remaining ones date from the 19th. This specific way of construction started "from the late 17th century until the 1970s; its requirement of large enclosed spaces for silkworm beds and storage of mulberry leaves" (AB ev) | |
| Singapore Botanic Gardens | from 1822 | |
| Sintra | Pena National Palace (1842-1854), Castelo dos Mouros reconstructed in the 19th century | |
| Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution | started the construction of the Nagasaki Foundry in 1857, Japan’s first Western-style marine engine repair facility. This marked the beginnings of heavy industry in Japan. (AB ev) | |
| Speicherstadt and Kontorhaus District | Speicherstadt: "Originally developed between 1885 and 1927 (partly rebuilt 1949-1967)" and "The nominated portion of the adjacent Kontorhaus district is a cohesive, densely built 5.13-ha area featuring six very large office complexes begun in the 1920s" (AB) | |
| Statue of Liberty | Inaugurated 1886 | |
| Stone Town of Zanzibar | For cultural fusion "In the 19th century this Swahili tradition was overwhelmed by new styles brought in by the floods of immigrants." and suppression of slavery "The Anglican cathedral is in part a monument commemorating the abolition of the slave trade in the Sultan's dominions. The foundation stone was laid in 1873" (AB ev) | |
| Struve Geodetic Arc | the surveys were made between 1816-55 | |
| Tequila | Most of the Haciendas and Distilleries date from the 19th century when the growth in international trade in Tequila led to a large increase in production and industrialisation took place | |
| The Four Lifts | The first Lift was built in 1882 and a major part of the canal in 1892 - though the other 3 Lifts weren't constructed until 1909-17 | |
| Tlacotalpan | Although populated by some Spaniards in the mid 16th century the settlement hardly grew until the 19th and was destroyed by fires in 1698, 1788 and 1790. In 1821 however it became the port for exports from Oaxaca and Puebla and grew significantly. It was granted "town" status in 1865 | |
| Tombs of Buganda Kings | The earliest present tomb structure dates to around 1882 (was built as a palace, and turned into a royal tomb in 1884) | |
| Tomioka Silk Mill | Mill dates from 1872 | |
| Tr’ondëk-Klondike | "an area that underwent unprecedented and rapid changes which were brought about by the Klondike Gold Rush and affected both the landscape and the Indigenous populations living there, between the end of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th century" (AB ev) | |
| Valongo Wharf | ancient wharf built for the landing of enslaved Africans from 1811 onwards | |
| Valparaiso | exceptional testimony to the early phase of globalization in the late 19th century (AB ev) | |
| Verla Groundwood and Board Mill | Founded 1872 but destroyed by fire in 1876. Rebuilt 1882 | |
| Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai | In the 1870s, the Victorian Neo-Gothic buildings were constructed along the eastern edge of the Oval Maidan, symbolizing the second city of the British Empire (AB ev) | |
| Vienna | The Ring "was constructed after the dismantling of the city walls in the mid-19th century. From the 1860s to 1890s, many large public buildings were erected along the Ring Road in an eclectic historicist style, sometimes called Ringstraßenstil ("Ring Road style")," (Wiki) | |
| Vizcaya Bridge | 1893 | |
| Viñales Valley | "Les activites economiques et socio-culturelles demarrent aux XVIIe siecle...La culture du tabac fait ensuite son apparition, devenue la principale activite economique " (Nom file) .."The area was colonised at the beginning of the 1800s by tobacco growers from the Canary Islands.. The first settlement in Vinales is documented in 1871, in the form of a ranch .. The town was established in 1878 as a typical community, with church, school, hospital and recreation park" (Wiki) "Visit to EL Palenque de los Cimarrones, a place where a runaway slave's hide-out is recreated and you learn about afro Cuban religion & the history of the slaves in the 19 century" (tourism web site) | |
| Vlkolinec | The current buildings date mainly from the 19th century | |
| Völklingen Ironworks | the plant was originally developed in 1873 and 5 Blast furnaces and a coking plant had been constructed by 1897 | |
| Wieliczka and Bochnia Royal Salt Mines | Kinga underground Chapel 1895 |
Suggestions?
Do you know of another WHS we could connect to Built in the 19th Century?
A connection should:
- Not be "self evident"
- Link at least 3 different sites
- Not duplicate or merely subdivide the "Category" assignment already identified on this site.
- Add some knowledge or insight (whether significant or trivial!) about WHS for the users of this site
- Be explained, with reference to a source