Yemen
Socotra Archipelago
The Socotra Archipelago covers an isolated group of islands that is renowned for its species biodiversity.
Located at a 'crossroads' of the Arabian Sea, the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean, isolated for a long time and with a fiercely hot climate, its circumstances have led to the preservation of a unique ecosystem. Notable plant species found here include the bitter aloe, myrrh, frankincense and the distinctive dragon's blood tree. Its terrestrial and marine animals such as reptiles and land snails also show high levels of endemism.
Community Perspective: the archipelago has been under de facto control of the UAE since 2018, and access has become easier due to regular weekly flights from Abu Dhabi. Michael and Dennis describe what such a visit entails – beaches, dunes, dragon blood trees and flowering bottle trees.
Site Info
Official Information
- Full Name
- Socotra Archipelago (ID: 1263)
- Country
- Yemen
- Status
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Inscribed 2008
Site history
History of Socotra Archipelago
- 2008: Inscribed
- Inscribed
- WHS Type
- Natural
- Criteria
- x
Links
- UNESCO
- whc.unesco.org
All Links
UNESCO.org
- whc.unesco.org — whc.unesco.org/
Related Resources
- engagesocotra.com — Travel guide to Socotra
News Article
- June 21, 2020 startribune.com — Fiery clashes convulsed Yemen's remote Socotra archipelago
- May 2, 2020 nytimes.com — Clashes in Yemen UNESCO Site Threaten Rare Species
- May 2, 2018 independent.co.uk — Socotra island: The Unesco-protected 'Jewel of Arabia' vanishing amid Yemen’s civil war
- Nov. 9, 2015 bbc.com — Cyclone Megh batters Yemeni island of Socotra
- July 24, 2014 sabanews.net — UNESCO condemns digging up, looting ancient sites in Socotra
- Feb. 9, 2014 economist.com — Socotra, the new Guantanamo?
Community Information
- Community Category
- Natural landscape: Marine and Coastal
- Urban landscape: Medieval European
Travel Information
Red Zone Travel Advisory
Recent Connections
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Perfect Inscriptions
2008 -
Red Zone Travel Advisory
Yemen fully off-limits -
Multiple biogeographic realms
"Socotra is a distinct ecoregion of xer…
Connections of Socotra Archipelago
- Individual People
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Alfonso de Albuquerque
Captured it (in a joint action with Tristao da Cunha) in 1507 -
Tristão da Cunha
After the Battle of Barawa (1507) and the subsequent defeat of the Portuguese, Tristão da Cunha, severely wounded, sought refuge in the Socotra islands after losing his men and ships. (wiki) -
Da Cunha Family
Tristan da Cunha captured it in 1507 -
Marco Polo
Later, on the 13th century, the great Venetian seafarer, Marco Polo, reported: "The inhabitants are baptized Christians and have an archbishop. ... It should explain that the archbishop of Socotra has nothing to do with the pope of Rome, but is subject to an archbishop who lives in Baghdad. ... You should know also that, if the archbishop of Socotra dies, his successor must be sent from Baghdad, otherwise there could never be an archbishop here." (nom file)
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- Geography
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Indian Ocean
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Archipelagos
(Tectonic movement and erosion All 4 islands plus small outcrops are inscribed
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- Trivia
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Not under control of the nominating state
Socotra has been under de facto control by the UAE since it invaded in 2018. -
Dubbed as another WHS
Galapagos of the Indian OceanSee boingboing.net
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- Ecology
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Mangroves
One of "eight main types of vegetation" (AB ev) -
Coral
"Marine life is very diverse and includes 283 species of coral" (AB ev) -
Granite rock formations
Abd al-Kuri: "the principal mountain range, which consists of granite capped by a layer of limestone" (nom file) -
Turtles and tortoises
"Socotra hosts four species of endangered marine turtles - the Loggerhead turtle, the Green turtle, the Hawksbill turtle and the rarer Olive Ridley turtle. Loggerhead and Green turtles nest on various beaches around the islands. No nesting has yet been confirmed for Hawksbill and Olive Ridley turtles." (nom file) -
Whales
"various species of baleen and toothed whales" (nom file) -
Critically endangered fauna species
Hawksbill sea turtle -
Notable Trees
dragon's blood tree -
Molluscs
Crit x "Extremely high levels of endemism occur in Socotra's reptiles (34 species, 90% endemism) and land snails (96 species, 95% endemism -
Notable examples of island gigantism
Dendrosicyos Socotranus, the Cucumber Tree -
Fog drip
Fog drip is vital for dragon blood tree -
Dunes
Sand dunes of ArcherSee socotra.info
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Endemic Species that include the WHS name
Socotran Cucumber Tree (Dendrosicyos socotranus), Socotran Desert Rose ( Adenium Socotranum), Socotra Gecko (Pristurus Sokotranus) -
Flamingos
"Greater flamingos Phoenicopterus rubber visit the lagoons of the north coast." -
Endemic Bird Species
Socotra Starling, Socotra Sunbird, Socotra Sparrow and Socotra Grosbeak -
Lagoons
Several - Nom file mentions inter alia Qalansiya, Suq and Diduah Lagoons and the former is an important bird watching locationSee www.birdlife.org
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Multiple biogeographic realms
"Socotra is a distinct ecoregion of xeric shrubland lying at the intersection of three biogeographic regions, African, Oriental and Palaearctic" (AB ev)
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- Damaged
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Destroyed by Hurricanes or Typhoons
Cyclone Megh (Nov 2015): "... number of homes have been destroyed and 5,000 more displaced people have fled the northern shores of the island to schools, universities and hospitals"See www.bbc.com
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- World Heritage Process
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Perfect Inscriptions
2008 -
Inscribed on a single criterion only
x. to contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation. -
Natural sites filling gaps cited by IUCN
Socotra ecoregion
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- Religion and Belief
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12 Apostles
where the apostle Thomas by traditional accounts brought Christianity while en route to India
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- Human Activity
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Incense Route
Socotra had become ?of major importance as a staging-post in the incense trade? by the middle of the first millennium BCE -
Slavery
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- WHS on Other Lists
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World Monuments Watch (past)
2022See www.wmf.org
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Ramsar Wetlands
"Detwah Lagoon", 2007 -
Biodiversity hotspot
Horn of Africa -
Located in a TCC Territory
Socotra -
WWF Global 200
Terrestrial, Deserts and Xeric Shrublands: (126) Socotra Island DesertSee web.archive.org
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Centres of Plant Diversity
SWA4 Socotra - "Socotra is particularly important for its diversity of plants and has 825 plant species of which 307 (37%) are endemic." -
World Biosphere Reserves
Socotra Archipelago (2003)
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- Timeline
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Miocene
"..comprises an..igneous basement from the Pre-Cambrian Era and a complex of early Palaeozoic rocks which are overlain by a mantle of limestones ...from the Cretaceous and Eocene Age..... The continental promontory on which Socotra is located separated from Africa some 36mya at the same time as the rifting which created the Gulf of Aden" (Nom File)
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- Visiting conditions
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Red Zone Travel Advisory
Yemen fully off-limits
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News
- startribune.com 06/21/2020
- Fiery clashes convulsed Yemen's re…
- nytimes.com 05/02/2020
- Clashes in Yemen UNESCO Site Threa…
- independent.co.uk 05/02/2018
- Socotra island: The Unesco-protect…
Recent Visitors
Visitors of Socotra Archipelago
- Alexander Barabanov
- Atila Ege
- Bram de Bruin
- Dennis Nicklaus
- Eva Kisgyorgy
- fedemarch92
- Gernot
- Harry Mitsidis
- henryjiao18
- Janos
- Luis Filipe Gaspar
- Martin1990
- Michael Novins
- Mihai Dascalu
- Nihal Ege
- Pink Bunny
- Roger Ourset
- Roman Bruehwiler
- SHIHE HUANG
- Thomas Buechler
- Timothy C Easton
- Vanessa Buechler
- Zach
Community Reviews
Show full reviews
Socotra is filled with stunning landscapes. The forest of iconic dragon blood trees on the Diksam plateau is truly unique in the world, and one of the main draws here, but there is so much more. My first night, we camped between the amazing dunes of Arher beach and the ocean. This has to be one of the most amazing campsites I have ever stayed at. White sand dunes climb up to 200 meters along the face of towering 600+ meter cliffs. Besides the dragon blood trees, which never get old, there are also thousands of fuchsia-flowering bottle trees and a few frankincense trees to watch for. There is great rugged hiking, such as into the Kalissan canyon where you can then cool off in emerald colored fresh water pools between gently eroded white limestone rocks. The white sand beach beside Detwah lagoon and near Qalansiya at the far northwest of the island is probably one of the most beautiful beaches in the world without any sort of hotel on it. Besides the handful of more famous beaches that are commonly visited by the small tour groups, there are literally miles of gorgeous white sand beaches that are practically untouched.
I visited in April 2022, and at this time, there is exactly one flight per week from Abu Dhabi, and you have to book an organized tour to visit. This makes it rather expensive, and just the Yemen visa, obtained through the UAE, costs $US 170. Our tour camped …
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I visited Socotra in November 2021. At the time of my visit, Air Arabia provided Monday-only charter flights between Abu Dhabi and Socotra, so visitors were required to spend a week on Socotra. Given that all tourists arrive and depart at the same time, tour operators seem to follow the same general itinerary, although they apparently coordinate so that sites are not inundated with tourists on the same days. I went with Untamed Borders.
During the course of my week, we visited:
Day 1 (arrival): Delisha beach, not far from Hadibu, so seems like many visit this beach and sand dunes on the day of arrival
Day 2: Qalansyia in northwestern Socotra, where we picked up a small fishing boat for the ninety-minute trip to Shuaab, the island’s nicest beach. Along the way we passed through several schools of sardines, so abundant that the turquoise water appeared black and attracting a feeding frenzy of sea birds, spinner dolphins and one whale shark. We spent the end of the day at Detwah Lagoon.
Day 3: snorkeling in the Dihamari Marine Nature Sanctuary at some of the richest coral reefs in Socotra, where it was easy to see colorful parrotfish and angelfish, but not lobsters. Fortunately, a local lobsterman had caught several spiny lobsters — I bought the largest for only $15, which we dropped off at the restaurant for dinner.
Day 4: Momi plateau, covered with desert roses, one of the rare bottle trees found only …
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Many years ago we went to Socotra from Sinai. Socotra was mine 500th sites that I had been to. So different and exciting island. Many trees are endemic.The most remarkable ones are Dragon Blood tree, Desert Rose and Cucamber tree. And also many birds can be seen. Goats give big harm to the nature. But meat of goat is so delicious. Sea is so clear and full of corals. You should stay at least 4 days there. After Gallapagos Socotro is second interesting island. And also you should try Socotro Honey
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