Aleppo
The Ancient City of Aleppo has been ruled, among the other, by Romans, Byzantines, Seljuqs, Mamluks and Ottomans. It is one of the oldest inhabited cities in history.
It knew human settlement since the eleventh millennium B.C. through the residential houses which were discovered in Al-Qaramel Hill. It occupies a strategic trading point midway between the sea and the Euphrates. The main role of the city was as a trading place.
The historic buildings that remain include the Citadel and several medrassahs dating from the 12th and 13th centuries, and numerous mansions, palaces, churches and mosques that were added until the 19th century.
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Squiffy
Late afternoon, the first day of Ramadan, and the heat was intense. It was a blessed relief to duck into the shade of the Souq al-Attarine. The brickwork radiated coolness. The stark electric fluorescent lighting of the stalls vanishing off into the distance leant the scene a slightly sci-fi air. Each store front had its own distinct aroma: cumin from a spice stall, laurel Aleppo soap from a soap-seller, honey from where kunafa was being made on huge trays, fat from the fly-blown camel carcass hanging outside a butchers. I cruised back and forth past the souvenir sellers for a while, hoping to get called over and engaged in sales patter (I certainly wasn’t going to make the first move!). No good. It was almost 5pm and the touts and hawkers, the hucksters and salesmen had no energy for haggling. Their eyes were watching the clock, counting down the minutes until they could pull down their roller shutters and head home for their first meal, their first drink and (crucially I think) their first cigarette since sunrise.
Aleppo is – or perhaps was considering that I visited in 2009 prior to the ongoing Battle of Aleppo – an amazing city. It was the souq at the end of the Silk Road, and historically almost anything could be bought there. It also has a rivalry with Damascus about which is actually the oldest continually-inhabited city in the world.
I sat down to write this review thinking that there were two complementary parts to this World Heritage Site – the Citadel and the souqs. Solivagant has written about the Citadel. It is a stupendous sight, a massive man-made mound encircled by a 20m deep moat. The moat itself is spanned by a fragile arched bridge that rears up steeply to reach the gatehouse. Inside the walls the citadel is mostly a complex of ruins but that should not deter anyone for visiting. The tree-shaded patios give a spectacular view of the dun-coloured city spreading away in all directions.
The heart of the souqs lie to the west of the Citadel, running to the Bab Antakya (Antakya Gate). Souq al-Attarine serves as the core, a vaulted brickwork passageway lined with storefronts. Other covered souqs run parallel to create an atmospheric maze. The Great Mosque sits to the north of al-Attarine and I was permitted to poke my nose into its courtyard (though not the mosque itself). To the south is the multi-level Khan al-Jumrak which serves as a combined cloth market, goods lock-up and living quarters.
However, looking at the inscribed boundaries of the Ancient City of Aleppo on the UNESCO website here I have realised that the World Heritage Site is much bigger than I thought. In total the inscribed area covers some 3.5km2. The Citadel, the monument that in my head marked the eastern edge of the site, sits pretty much slap bang in the centre. In particular, while its western edge is indeed formed by the Sharia Bab Antakya, it spreads much further north up this road into the ‘New City’. The historic Baron Hotel, mentioned by Solivagant, lies outside the inscribed area but from cross-referencing maps the landmark 1899 Bab al-Faraj Clock Tower sits just inside. The ‘Christian Quarter’ of al-Jdeida area forms the north-western zone of the World Heritage Site. This is a pretty neighbourhood of narrow ivy-walled alleyways and grand ivy-walled mansions. It is also liberally larded with churches and cathedrals belonging to pretty much all the Christian denominations of the near east, from Armenian to Maronite, from Greek Orthodox to Greek Catholic to Syrian Catholic. But the main attraction for me – visiting during Ramadan – was that they still served lunch!
As I said earlier, Aleppo was the scene of some of the fiercest fighting in the Syrian Civil War with the forces of Bashar al-Assad holding the Citadel and various rebel factions trying to take the Old City street by street to capture it. Citadel, Great Mosque, souqs, al-Jdeida. All suffered quite horrific damage in the conflict.
World Heritage-iness: 4
My Experience: 4
(Visited Aug 2009)
Tom Allen
There has always been a strong rivalry between Aleppo and Damascus. For me though, Aleppo (based on my visit in 2004) has more charm and is more relaxing. It's less touristy and has some amazing restaurants in its ancient quarter. The day trip from Aleppo to Latakia on the coast was a bit of an anticlimax... better to stay in Aleppo if you have the time.
Solivagant
Aleppo is well worth a day of anyone’s time. With a range of buildings both monumental and everyday from between the 12th and 17th centuries it has been inscribed for its “its cohesive unique urban fabric”. Well, I don’t know about that but it did feel quite “Middle Eastern” and “Arabic” to me. The highlights are the citadel (photo) and the covered souqs. The museum has some superb Hittite statues. Although it has a population of almost 2 million the main sights are within reasonable walking distance of each other. We thought the “famed” Baron Hotel with its “period” (some would say “grotty” –though it may have been renovated since we were there a few years ago!) furnishings and the signature of Lawrence of Arabia in the visitor’s book somewhat overpriced – worth having a look round but there are plenty of other hotels in the area (which is certainly convenient for the historic sights).
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Site Info
- Full Name
- Ancient City of Aleppo
- Unesco ID
- 21
- Country
- Syria
- Inscribed
-
1986 - In Danger
- Type
- Cultural
- Criteria
-
3 4
- Categories
- Urban landscape - Arabic and Middle Eastern
- Link
- By ID
Site History
2013 In Danger
Together with all 5 other Syrian WHS, due to Civil War
1986 Inscribed
1983 Deferred
Deferred as conditions under which recommendation made not yet fulfilled
1982 Deferred
Syria asked to provide more info and a better Urbanization policy
1980 Deferred
1979 Deferred
Bureau - lack of documentation or Info
1978 Deferred
Site Links
Unesco Website
Official Website
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