Spain

Toledo

WHS Score 3.97
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2.0

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2.5

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3.0

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3.5

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4.0

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4.5

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5.0

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The Historic City of Toledo holds a cultural and monumental heritage of several historic civilizations.

The Romans left a circus and an aqueduct, the Visigoths its city walls, the Emirate of Cordoba the Puerta Vieja de Bisagra, there are Jewish monuments and some outstanding 15-16th century constructions (Cathedral, San Juan de los Reyes, Santa Cruz hospital). The city is also known for the emergence of a hybrid Mudéjar style, as can be seen in the Santiago del Arrabal and the Puerta del Sol.

Community Perspective: It’s a lovely city for an overnight stay or a weekend break. The Gothic Cathedral could have made it to the List on its own merits alone. Also, check out works by El Greco (see Hubert’s review for a listing), visit the Mudejar Synagogue of El Tránsito and wander the streets of its medina-style city centre.

Site Info

Official Information
Full Name
Historic City of Toledo (ID: 379)
Country
Spain
Status
Inscribed 1986 Site history
History of Toledo
1986: Revision
extended from former TWHS Hospital of Toledo (1984)
1986: Inscribed
Inscribed
WHS Type
Cultural
Criteria
  • i
  • ii
  • iii
  • iv
Links
UNESCO
whc.unesco.org
All Links
UNESCO.org
Related Resources

Community Information

  • Community Category
  • Natural landscape: Forest
  • Archaeological site: Pre-Columbian
  • Urban landscape: Urban continuity
Travel Information
Madrid hotspot
Madrid hotspot
Half an hour by train
Recent Connections
View all (39) .
Connections of Toledo
Individual People
  • Francisco Pizarro
    Met with King Charles I
  • Alexandre Dumas
    In his work "Impressions de voyage – De Paris à Cadix", Dumas recounts his visits to Burgos, Madrid, the Escurial, Aranjuez, Toledo, Jaén, Granada, where he visits the Generalife and the Alhambra and Cordoba. In Seville, Dumas visits, among other places, the Alcazar and the Giralda.

    See www.dumaspere.com

  • Caravaggio
    "John the Baptist" at the Cathedral
  • Charles V
    the temporary seat of the supreme power under Charles V, who endowed it with the status of imperial and crowned city
Geography
  • Tagus
  • Antipodes points
    HISTORIC CITY OF TOLEDO=TONGARIRO NATIONAL PARK N39 52 00.8 W4 01 45.9 = S39 17 27 E175 33 44
Trivia
History
  • Located in a Former Capital
    Spain 15th century -1561
  • Sieges and Battles
    Siege of the Alcázar Jul 21 - Sep 27 1936. By the Republicans against the Nationalist force holding the Alcázar The building was largely destroyed by artillery, air bombardment and mining. In late September the building had almost been over-run but held out long enough to be relieved by Franco's forces.

    See en.wikipedia.org

  • Umayyad Caliphate
    Mosque of Bab Mardum (999): Umayyad in style

    See archnet.org

  • Queens and Empresses
    Isabel I of Castille: monastery of San Juan de Toledo was under the direct patronage of the Queen. It's one of the most important buildings in the isabelline style, which was named after the Queen. It was meant at the time to serve as Royal mausoleum.
  • Spanish Royal Residences
    Royal Alcazar of Toledo: used as Royal residence by Charles I.

    See es.wikipedia.org

Architecture
  • Designed by Juan Guas
    Monasterio de San Juan de los Reyes
  • Isabelline style
    Saint John's of the Kings Church
  • Renaissance
    Holy Cross Hospital
  • Gothic
    Cathedral and Saint John's of the Kings Church
  • Muqarnas
    Capilla de santa catalina/muqarna dome in sala de la torre of the cathedral
  • Mudejar style
    "Toledo witnessed the emergence of a Mudejar style, which combined .. elements of Visigothic and Muslim art" (AB ev)
  • Moorish architecture
    Mosque of Cristo de la Luz (built in 999): "Four columns capped with capitals support horseshoe arches... The influence of the caliphate can be seen in the brickwork on the façade of the building which resembles those seen at the Cathedral–Mosque of Córdoba." (wiki)

    See en.wikipedia.org

World Heritage Process
Religion and Belief
  • Jesuit Order
    Saint Ildefonso's Church
  • Conceptionists
    The order was founded in 1484 at Toledo, Spain, by Saint Beatrice of Silva, a noblewoman of Portugal and sister of the Franciscan friar, Blessed Amadeus. .. In 1484, Beatrice, with some companions, took possession of a monastery in Toledo (now the Monastery of the Order of the Immaculate Conception) (wiki)
  • Nunneries
    Convento de Santa Ursula

    See en.wikipedia.org

  • Jewish religion and culture
  • Cathedrals
    St Mary's
  • Notable mosques
    Mosque of Christ of the Light (Mezquita del Cristo de la Luz ), 999, Sunni, the only remaining mosque in Toledo
Human Activity
  • Invention of sweets and pastries
    Mazapan de Toledo, a type of marzipan. "Marzipan was probably first made in Persia, now Iran. It came to Europe with the Arabs in the Middle Ages, through Spain, where it actually first became popular. The "Mazapán de Toledo" is still one of the most famous in the world." (wiki de)

    See www.tasteatlas.com

Constructions
WHS on Other Lists
Timeline
WHS Hotspots
18
  • Poetic Quotations
    A quote about Toledo from Miguel Cervantes: «Oh, peñascosa pesadumbre, gloria de España y luz de sus ciudades». "Oh, craggy grief, glory of Spain and light of its cities"

    See es.m.wikipedia.org

News

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Recent Visitors
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Visitors of Toledo
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Community Reviews

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First published: 04/02/25.

2flow2

Toledo

Toledo (Inscribed)

Toledo by 2Flow2

Wow, when I went to Toledo I was not expecting it to become my new favorite city that I have travelled to in all of Spain! I visited this WHS in January 2025 during my year of living in Spain, and currently this is my favorite WHS in the country.

I used Hubert's review pretty much as a checklist guide for what to see in the city instead of trying to cross-reference a bunch of different tour guide resources online and in physical pamphlets. I was not disappointed! Out of the dozens of cathedrals I have visited in Spain, the Cathedral of Toledo is my new favorite and has the best audio guide that I've experienced. (You have to download it as a separate app.) I'm expecting the only cathedral that will rival this one will be when I visit the Sagrada Familia.

In terms of things that weren't covered by Hubert, the "Museo del Ejército" (Army Museum) in the impressive Alcázar building was pretty neat, and if you are interested in history, Toledo was the capital of the Germanic Visigoth people when they ruled Spain for a few hundred years. In my opinion, the period of the Visigoths is one of the most underserved in Spanish history, and in Toledo you can find one of the very, very, few museums (albeit a small one) which talks about the Visigoth period. It's called the "Museo de los Concilios y la Cultura Visigoda" (Museum of the …

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First published: 21/05/21.

Hubert

Toledo

Toledo (Inscribed)

Toledo by Hubert

Toledo was the World Heritage site I was most looking forward to before I left for my trip through central Spain in May 2019. And I was not disappointed. Toledo is an intriguing city. Three religions have left their mark in the old town. Christians, Muslims and Jews lived here together more or less peacefully for centuries, until 1492. A Gothic cathedral, numerous other Christian churches, a former mosque and two former synagogues can be found close to each other. The city's architectural ensemble has remained almost unchanged over the last five centuries.

I started my visit at the Mirardor del Valle, south of the city on the opposite bank of the Tagus River. From there, you have a magnificent view of the rocky plateau on which Toledo is located and the meander of the Tagus River. And you can imagine the labyrinth of alleys in which you will inevitably get lost later. It is easy to get to by car and you can also stop at other viewpoints, but the Mirardor del Valle is the best view. On foot, it is a short hike uphill, but definitely worth the effort.
The main access to the old town is via the Puente de Alcantara or alternatively through the Puerta Bisagra. This was the case in the Middle Ages and is still the case for most tourists today. The train station is close by and there are also large car parks. No matter which route you choose, it …

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First published: 21/12/19.

Jay T

Toledo

Toledo (Inscribed)

Toledo by Jay T

Oh Toledo, jewel of a city! This was easily my favorite day trip from Madrid when I visited Spain last May. I was entranced from my first view of the walled old town overlooking the Tagus River on the short walk from the Moorish-style train station to the escalators serving the historic center atop the hill. I arrived on a Sunday, which was an ideal time to attend a mass in the historic Toledo cathedral, a masterpiece of Gothic architecture (it was not a good day to see the tower, however, since it was closed). Afterwards, I meandered through the narrow city streets slowly filling up with tourists, admiring the artwork and gardens of the El Greco museum, and relaxing in the sedate but intricately designed courtyard in the Museum of Santa Cruz (I fully agree with Els -- it was worth a visit). Toledo has quite a religious history, and I particularly appreciated the Synagogue of El Tránsito with its distinctive Mudéjar style. There are many photogenic viewpoints, or miradores, around the city, but I most enjoyed the one on the hill behind the city, which I reached via the kitschy, but practical, tourist train that departs from the city center and travels around and outside Toledo before returning to the city center. I don't generally recommend shopping, but Toledo is particularly well known for both its steel swords as well as its Damascene crafts, which are worth looking at just for the novelty. I spent my day in …

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First published: 10/02/17.

Tom Livesey

Toledo

Toledo (Inscribed)

Toledo by Els Slots

Toledo, visited December 2016, surprised me to the upside. I had done little research on it in advance of my one-night stay so when we turned up and found a charming medieval city with more than its fair share of winding alleyways I was very impressed.

We caught a coach to Toledo from Madrid. The El Greco museum (reopened since Els's visit) is excellent - particularly the series of Apostles with Jesus in the centre. For food I can recommend the newly-opened Mercado de San Agustín.

As a culture-rich former capital, Toledo is a popular tourist attraction. To me it felt like Venice without the canals. On our second day we woke up to a city shrouded in fog, making it feel like we were travelling back through the mists of time.

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First published: 30/06/15.

Clyde

Toledo

Toledo (Inscribed)

Toledo by Clyde

I visited this WHS in June 2015. Well, let's start from the logistics. Toledo is very close to Madrid and is therefore well placed on the tourist map. It is fully packed with interesting sites, churches, walls, the Alcazar, a great cathedral and has some great culinary delicacies. Most travel to Toledo by public transport or with a coach as a day trip from Madrid. There are escalators from the bus/coach parking area up to the Jewish quarter meaning that the road from the city gate to the cathedral is pretty much always packed with tourists. Yet Toledo is a complex labyrinth of narrow roads and alleys, so it is easy to choose a slightly different path which still leads to the main sites. As I said, the streets and alleys are narrow enough to deter most tourists from using a car even though locals use them and parking can be a nightmare. However, I was lucky enough to choose a very cheap hotel with parking with easy enough access through a side gate and up a few narrow streets. I'm used to driving in difficult conditions and Toledo's narrow streets can be quite difficult to handle for the average traveller. The hotel was very close to the cathedral and the view from the terrace alone would have been worth the trip (photo). There are several Miradors within the city but the best panoramic views of Toledo are to be had from the opposite bank of the Tagus River. There's …

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First published: 01/03/15.

Klaus Freisinger

Toledo

Toledo (Inscribed)

Toledo by Els Slots

Toledo is one of Spain's classic travel destinations, and certainly one of the most interesting ones - a great combination of culture, history and architecture that has few rivals anywhere. Among the countless attractions are one of the largest and most impressive Gothic cathedrals anywhere, an impressive fortress, a wealth of churches (many of them former synagogues and mosques), a wide range of museums, priceless paintings (especially by local hero El Greco), a scenic location atop a hill surrounded by the Tajo, and an unmistakable skyline dominated by the cathedral and the alcázar. Toledo was the capital of Spain for several centuries, and is still its religious centre. I found it to be one of the most interesting and beautiful cities I have ever been to, and I would not hesitate to go back.

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First published: 14/09/12.

Kyle Magnuson

Toledo

Toledo (Inscribed)

Toledo by Kyle Magnuson

I took a bus from Madrid to Toledo. I only had a day, but my initial doubts of making the trip were forgotten once I stepped foot in this magnificient city. The diversity of architecture and sites alone make it an exquisite destination.

The towering cathedral, winding streets, well-preserved city gates, and wonderful views together made my visit to Toledo one of my most lasting memories in Spain. If you are ever in Spain, make sure you plan a trip to here. I am unsure how extensive the inscribed area is, but there are many worthwhile sites throughout the city. The outskirts of the city are interesting as well and worth exploring. Staying more than a day would be preferable.

I wandered and explored the city at my leisure. However, it was getting late, luckily I was barely able to gain entrance into the 13th century Cathedral of Toledo (last person of the day!). The impressive cathedral is of High Gothic design and is in excellent condition.

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First published: 18/04/12.

Ian Cade

Toledo

Toledo (Inscribed)

Toledo by Ian Cade

I was in two minds about visiting Toledo, not because I didn’t think it would be a worthwhile trip, but I was unsure if I could give it enough time to do the city justice. In the end I plumped for an excursion on the last day of a busy weekend trip to Madrid.

Toledo is only 25 minutes away from the Spanish capital, however we soon found out that trains were infrequent and got full rather quickly, but we managed to nab ourselves a couple of seats (if you are planning to go by train I would recommend booking in advance as our options were severely limited on the day). The super slick high-speed train deposits you at the rather lovely neo-Moorish station in Toledo, which is worth taking a few moments to admire before heading off to the walk or bus journey to the centre. The short walk gives a nice first view of the city as you see it sitting up on the other side of the river, showing you that you may have to do a fair bit of climbing during your visit.

It is very easy to see the traditional medina style lay out of the city centre; the narrow cobbled streets winding up and down hill instantly brought back memories of North Africa. The main highlight is the cathedral, with its overwrought gothic altar and impressive collection of art, from a rather astonishing amount of European masters. For us though Toledo's greatest attraction was …

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First published: 21/03/10.

Anonymous

Toledo

Toledo (Inscribed)

Toledo by Els Slots

I have heard that when people visit Florence they actually swoon (as in Room with a View) as they are overcome by the art and history. This has happened to me only once and it wasn't in Florence but in Toledo, in the cathedral to be exact. The Gothic cathedral is a marvel of art and atmosphere. One can truly feel the centuries of continuity. The amount of art, statues, glass, metalwork, woodwork, books, old master paintings, is staggering. Unfortunately we got a late start and only spent the afternoon and evening in the city, so I would recommend getting there early so as to have enough time to see everything.

The convenient and modern escalator system rising up the side of the hill can be hard to spot when walking from the train station so if you want to take this route it's probably best to ask for directions at the station before setting off. Going the long away around through the main gate, however, affords the experience of entering the city the way one probably would have back in the Middle Ages.

As we were about to leave we happened upon a candlelight procession in honor of the Mater Dolorosa winding its way through the streets, a lovely and romantic way to end the day.

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First published: 03/07/07.

Els Slots

Toledo

Toledo (Inscribed)

Toledo by Els Slots

Toledo is a lovely city for a weekend break, it deserves much more than only a day trip from Madrid. I arrived on Friday afternoon at the bus station and walked uphill to the old town (not recommended for those with a lot of luggage or in bad shape). The town has a spectacular location on top of a hill, like a medieval fortress with thick walls to deter attackers. The streets in the historic center are very narrow and just made for walking (although the locals successfully navigate their cars through this labyrinth).

The most popular route in Toledo seems to be the walk from the Puerta Bisagra to the Cathedral. The Puerta Bisagra is the most prominent gate for visitors arriving by car or from one of the stations. From there it's up and up, passing the Santiago del Arrabal's pretty Mudejar tower and the decorative Puerta del Sol. My personal favourite on this route is the Hospital Santa Cruz. Its interior is an oasis. And oh, that stairwell! Finally, the Cathedral is a huge Gothic masterpiece. It can easily manage the crowds of visitors that flock in every hour of the day.

Another great walk leads through the former Jewish neighbourhood. Two synagogues that after 1492 were turned into churches are left and open to visitors. There are also a number of other buildings worth seeing in this area.

Toledo owes its WHS status to its urban continuity. Comparisons to Rome and Florence are …

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First published: 07/07/05.

Anonymous

Toledo

Toledo (Inscribed)

Toledo by Els Slots

*coughs* Dusty but lovely. There are many things to see in the city, from ornate and expensive churches to the artwork and more modest home of El Greco. Getting to the top of the hill is fun too; they actually have elevators built into it! If you can, get away from the city itself and into the hills where you can get an absolutely stunning panoramic shot or two.

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First published: 01/05/05.

Anonymous

Toledo

Toledo (Inscribed)

Toledo by Els Slots

We visited the house where the painter El Greco lived and worked for years. Many of his paintings were on display. In one set of 12 pictures, each of the Apostles had small parts of each picture unfinished. For example, there would be a hand, but no fingers. While we were there, some important looking officials arrived for a tour of the museum. They rode in a large limousine, complete with guards and guides.

We drove down a street into a small plaza and found several narrow streets came into the area, but only one seemed to go out. As we were trying to decide what to do, a small truck about our size went through, so we followed, then found we had plenty of room. That is, about 2 inches between each mirror and the buildings.

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First published: 01/05/05.

John Booth

Toledo

Toledo (Inscribed)

Toledo by Els Slots

We travelled to Toledo by train from Madrid, and took a local bus from the station to Zodcover Square. From there we explored the labyrinth of narrow streets on foot.

Today the old town appears to be dominated by the huge cathedral, but amongst all the narrow lanes there is a plethora of little churches as well as mosques and synagogues to be found.

Somehow these managed to survive the dark period of the inquisitions, and hearken back to earlier times when there was religious tolerance in the town.

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