United Kingdom
Stonehenge
Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites comprise one of the most important groups of prehistoric megalithic and earthen monuments in the world.
They were constructed between c. 3700 and 1600 BCE and provide insight into the funerary and ceremonial practices in Britain in the Neolithic and Bronze Age. Stonehenge (ca. 2600-2400 BCE) holds the most architecturally sophisticated prehistoric stone circle in the world, using stones unique in size and how far they had to be transported from. Avebury (ca. 2600 BCE) is a Neolithic henge monument containing three prehistoric stone circles, one of which is the largest in the world. In its vicinity lie the sites of Silbury Hill, The Sanctuary, Windmill Hill, and West Kennet Long Barrow.
Community Perspective: Stonehenge can be underwhelming for a number of reasons (fenced off, crowds, obligatory shuttle bus), although the new visitor centre seems to be an improvement. Avebury is a better place to come up-close with these monuments, and you can explore its associated sites on foot.
Site Info
Official Information
- Full Name
- Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites (ID: 373)
- Country
- United Kingdom
- Status
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Inscribed 1986
Site history
History of Stonehenge
- 1986: Inscribed
- Inscribed
- WHS Type
- Cultural
- Criteria
- i
- ii
- iii
Links
- UNESCO
- whc.unesco.org
All Links
UNESCO.org
- whc.unesco.org — whc.unesco.org/
Related Resources
- theguardian.com — Will Self: has English Heritage ruined Stonehenge?
- nationaltrust.org.uk — Avebury
- english-heritage.org.uk — English Heritage
News Article
- Aug. 15, 2024 bbc.com — Famous Stonehenge stone came from Scotland not Wales
- July 30, 2024 bbc.com — Stonehenge tunnel scheme scrapped by government
- July 11, 2024 salisburyjournal.co.uk — Court of Appeal to consider A303 Stonehenge tunnel consent order
- July 18, 2023 bbc.com — Work on Stonehenge tunnel could start next year
- Sept. 15, 2021 bbc.com — Cracks and holes in the stones which form Stonehenge are to be repaired for the first time in more than 60 years.
- July 30, 2021 theguardian.com — High court victory for Stonehenge campaigners as tunnel is ruled unlawful
- June 27, 2020 news.artnet.com — Archeologists Just Discovered the UK’s Largest Ceremonial Site Buried Right Next to Stonehenge
- May 30, 2020 theguardian.com — Stonehenge with no crowds? Big changes planned for reopening
- May 10, 2019 livescience.com — A lost piece of one of Stonehenge's iconic standing stones has finally been returned.
- Dec. 8, 2018 livescience.com — Stonehenge Archaeologists Furious at Construction Crew Accused of ‘Smashing’ a 6,000-Year-Old Platform
- Feb. 23, 2018 bbc.com — Avebury stone circle closed due to 'badly waterlogged' site
- July 1, 2017 phys.org — 'Secret square' discovered beneath world-famous Avebury stone circle
- Jan. 11, 2017 telegraph.co.uk — Chief druid wins right to take English Heritage to court over Stonehenge parking charges
- Sept. 12, 2016 salisburyjournal.co.uk — Competition launched to enjoy a balloon ride over Stonehenge
- Sept. 7, 2015 telegraph.co.uk — Huge ritual monument found hidden near Stonehenge
- March 3, 2015 sourcewire.com — New Stone Avenue found at Avebury
- Dec. 9, 2014 wiltshiretimes.co.uk — Avebury and Stonehenge to be covered by same World Heritage Site management plan for first time
- Sept. 6, 2014 theguardian.com — Dry spell at Stonehenge reveals perfect circle
- Dec. 19, 2013 charlotteobserver.com — Druids protest at Stonehenge over display of bones
- Oct. 10, 2012 independent.co.uk — Early Bronze Age carvings suggest Stonehenge was a huge prehistoric art gallery
- July 11, 2012 guardian.co.uk — Stonehenge gets £27m facelift to end 'national embarrassment'
- June 24, 2012 bbc.co.uk — Stonehenge was built to unify Britain
- Nov. 2, 2011 bbc.co.uk — Stonehenge A344 road closure approved
- June 25, 2010 belfasttelegraph.co.uk — 20,000 attend Stonehenge Solstice
- Feb. 6, 2010 guardian.co.uk — Survey of landscape suggests Stonehenge was surrounded by two circular hedges
- Oct. 10, 2009 guardian.co.uk — 'Second Stonehenge' discovered near original
- Oct. 4, 2009 timesonline.co.uk — Stonehenge will be freed from the traffic-clogged main road slicing through its historic setting
- May 3, 2009 news.bbc.co.uk — Pagan, who has been campaigning for better access to the attraction, refuses to leave Stonehenge
- Sept. 23, 2008 news.bbc.co.uk — Archaeologists have pinpointed the construction of Stonehenge to 2300BC - a key step to discovering how and why the mysterious edifice was built.
- May 31, 2008 afp.google.com — Study says Stonehenge was used as a burial site from its inception 5,000 years ago and remained so for more than 500 years
- May 22, 2008 afp.google.com — Vandals used a hammer and screwdriver to vandalise the Stonehenge ancient monument, the first such incident for decades
- April 1, 2008 ap.google.com — Archaeologists Start Stonehenge Dig to unearth materials that can be used to establish a firm date for when the first mysterious set of bluestones was put in place.
- Dec. 7, 2007 thisiswiltshire.co.uk — Government ministers are today scrapping plans for the proposed £540m road improvement scheme at Stonehenge, which would have included a controversial 2.1km bored tunnel.
- Nov. 28, 2007 news.bbc.co.uk — Plans for a tunnel taking traffic away from Stonehenge are likely to be scrapped.
- March 11, 2007 gazetteandherald.co.uk — A Roman settlement has been discovered at around the base of Silbury Hill, part of the Avebury World Heritage Site near Marlborough.
- Jan. 31, 2007 lse.co.uk — Houses of 'Stonehenge' builders discovered
- Sept. 6, 2006 arts.guardian.co.uk — Public inquiry to examine plan for visitor centre at Stonehenge
Community Information
- Community Category
- Archaeological site: Prehistoric
Travel Information
One million visitors or more
London hotspot
Recent Connections
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Perfect Inscriptions
1986 -
Historical Graffiti
From as early as the 16th century (see … -
Depicted in Mizielinska Maps
StonehengeSee i.pinimg.com
Connections of Stonehenge
- Individual People
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Elias Burton Holmes
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Erich von Däniken
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Sir William Matthews Flinders Petrie
In 1874 and 1877 Petrie surveyed Stonehenge in detail, and "devised the numbering system for the stones that is still in use today" (See link). Published, at 24, his first book "Stonehenge: Plans, Description, and Theories" -
Painted by JMW Turner
Turner made several drawings and paintings of Stonehenge -
Charles Darwin
"In 1877 Charles Darwin dabbled in archaeology at the stones, experimenting with the rate at which remains sink into the earth for his book The Formation of Vegetable Mould Through the Action of Worms."
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- Trivia
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In Video Games
Assassin's Creed Valhalla; Civilization VI -
Reportedly haunted locations
Avebury, Red Lion pub: "one of the most haunted pubs in the entire United Kingdom" -
Built elsewhere as a full size replica
Maryhill Washington USA - Full size and to the (assumed) complete design as it would originally have been built. Erected 1918-29 by a local Quaker pacifist businessman as a memorial to local solidiers killed in WWI (which was still in progress when the project commenced).See en.wikipedia.org
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Replica in Legoland
Legoland Windsor -
Depicted in Mizielinska Maps
StonehengeSee i.pinimg.com
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One million visitors or more
1,363,252 (2024) // 1,381,855 (2016) -
Discovered from the Air
Woodhenge in 1925 (wiki)
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- History
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Neolithic age
"the evolution of monument construction and of the continual use and shaping of the landscape over more than 2000 years, from the early Neolithic to the Bronze Age" (OUV) -
Bronze Age
This site extends into the Bronze Age. -
Megalithism
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Oldest Buildings
3700-1600 BC (West Kennet Long Barrow) "Together with inter-related monuments, and their associated landscapes, they demonstrate Neolithic and Bronze Age ceremonial and mortuary practices resulting from around 2000 years of continuous use and monument building between circa 3700 and 1600 BC. As such they represent a unique embodiment of our collective heritage."
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- Ecology
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Aurochs
"the platform contained several hoof prints of aurochs"
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- Architecture
- Damaged
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'Threatened' by Tunnels
ICOMOS-UK have ojected to numerous tunnel options for StonehengeSee www.scribd.com
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- World Heritage Process
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Minor modifications after inscription
2008: "including the whole of the Fyfield Down site. Scientific work (2000) has led to the conclusion that the importance of Fyfield Down is far greater than initially thought, particularly its remains of earth construction, associated with the late prehistoric period, linked with the Avebury mound. ... also a series of minor rectifications, such as the whole of the West Kennet Palisaded Enclosure complex and the East Kennet Long Barrow and the whole of the Fox Covert tumulus " -
Perfect Inscriptions
1986
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- Human Activity
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Historical Graffiti
From as early as the 16th century (see link).
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- Constructions
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Purpose Built Visitor Centre
In core zone - Due to open Dec 2013.See www.frameweb.com
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Tombs
Avebury (Silbury Hill) -
Tumuli
Avebury Silbury hill near Avebury (biggest tumulus in Europe), West Kennet Barrow and East Kennet Barrow. Also many smaller ones. -
Cycoliths (Stone circles)
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Passage of the Sun
"the summer solstice sun rose close to the Heel Stone, and the sun's first rays shone into the centre of the monument between the horseshoe arrangement" -
Monumental Monoliths
The 'Heelstone' weighs 35 tonnes -
Timber circles
WoodhengeSee en.wikipedia.org
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Obelisk
Missing stones at Avebury are marked with small obelisksSee goo.gl
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- Timeline
- WHS Hotspots
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London hotspot
By train and bus via Salisbury (about 2h)
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- Science and Technology
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Archaeoacoustics
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Astronomy and Astrology
"icon of ancient astronomy" -
Uncovered using Lidar
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- 18
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Featured in the Go Jetters
Series 1: Episode 3: Stonehenge -
Marvel Cinematic Universe
Thor: The Dark World; used as actual location in film, where Dr. Selvig has an episode of madness
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News
- bbc.com 08/15/2024
- Famous Stonehenge stone came from …
- bbc.com 07/30/2024
- Stonehenge tunnel scheme scrapped …
- salisburyjournal.co.uk 07/11/2024
- Court of Appeal to consider A303 S…
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Community Reviews
Show full reviews
Like many people Covid -19 has led to quite a change in my World Heritage travelling, especially when coupled with two young children, as such the last two years have given me plenty of opportunities to get to know one of my local WHS in more detail, hopefully this run down of the broader site will be of use to others wanting to visit.
(Picture of the chamber inside West Kennet Long Barrow)
My Top 3
- Stonehenge
Already covered in a lot of detail, iconic and the highlight of this inscription.My most recent visits have enabled me to see the new visitor centre, which I think is a vast improvement, it also now means you get to walk or use a free shuttle bus to get to the stones. This actually helps the site feel more special, and gives a better sense of the whole landscape.
A practical note, although the site is managed by English Heritage if you have a National Trust pass this will also get you free entry. - Avebury Stone Circle
Whilst Stonehenge is the headline act, if you were to ask me which site I prefer I think I would say Avebury. It tends to be quieter (though still reasonably busy) and also you can get up and explore the stones very closely. Here it is also very easy to see the additional aspects of the neolithic landscape, the stone circle, the banked henge and avenue of …

March 2018. Me and my wife finaly wanted to visit England with all its majesctic world heritage sites.It was snowing in London when we were arriving and the first day trip in our caravan was kind of an adventure. We arrived in Stoone Henge 9 am. The Parking lot was still closed and we were told, that Stoneheneg might not open due to severe snow.
It took them another 2 hours to finally open the parking lot and another 30min that we could enter the bus to the actual Stonecircle. Interesting to see Stonehenge in snow, but I always thought it was way bigger and overwhelming than in reality. However we bought the National Trust vistor pass just for visiting this site, so luckily we got in and saw it in the morning.
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I visited Stonehenge (and its sister site, Avebury) in May 2017 after the new carpark and visitor's centre were opened. The car park is now about one mile distant from the actual stones, and you need to get a shuttle bus from the visitor's centre to the site. The buses are quite regular so the system works pretty well.
Given the expensive price, many people will tell you that you can just look over the fence from the next field for free, and they're right. However, I wouldn't recommend this since: a) you can only see it from one angle, ticket holders can see from 360 degrees at varying angles, and b) you won't really get a clear view since there will always be people in front of you.
With that said, I think Avebury is probably a better and more interesting site than Stonehenge. Not quite as impressive, but the circle is bigger and you can still interact with the stones (at Stonehenge you're now about 3 metres away at the closest point).
See below for my full video review!
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One of the world's most iconic and recognizable sites, Stonehenge is a must-see on any traveller's itinerary of England. Of course, seeing the real thing can often a bit disappointing...It's not that the site, with all its associated history, theories and legends, is not fascinating, but somehow I always imagined it a bit larger than it actually is. Of course, it is also fenced off these days, and you can only walk around it. There is currently a large project going on to restore the surroundings almost to their original state, by removing the nearby road and the old visitor centre, and by building a new one quite far away - shuttle buses will be offered to connect it to the site. The other problem is that on any given day, Stonehenge is completely crowded, which means that arriving early will give you an advantage here. There don't seem to be good public transport connections, but there are lots of organized excursions offered. The drive from London takes at least 2 hours, but if you arrive at about 9, there will still be few other people around. This changes only at around 10.30 or so. I can recommend the guided tours by International Friends - their day trip wasn't too cheap, but very well organized and quite interesting. It not only included Salisbury Cathedral and the historic site of Old Sarum, but also a visit to Avebury, which is the second part of the WH site. This is a quaint …
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I visited Stonehenge in June 2013. I was lucky enough to enjoy some minutes of sunshine, although I think the grey clouds contribute to the overall ambience. The Neolithic remains are very similar to those of Malta, while the mounds or tumuli resemble those of Knowth in Ireland. Definitely a must see and once you go close to the stone circle you won't hear any noise pollution from the nearby highway so all in all a positive experience and another site off my bucket list :)
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I visited Wiltshire in 2004 and in 2007. In 2004 I was staying in Aylesbury, Northwest of London. I drove down to Stonehenge skirting past Oxford and into Marlborough, a very nice little village on the way to both Avebury Henge and Stonehenge. Also near Marlborough are Silbury Hill, the oldest and largest "burial mound" in all of the UK and Europe, and West Kennett Longbarrow. The latter requires a walk up a modest sized hill however once you arrive the views of the surrounding countryside are just magnigicant. Continue your drive down the A345 and continue on the A303 to Stonehenge, you won't be disapointed. Its truly a magnificant site and the walking tour around the henge is fantastic, be sure to use the portable telephone system as part of the tour. It explains the history of the area. Wiltshire is one of the very best places I have ever been to.
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Another interesting site to visit if you are in the Stonehenge area : the Bulford Kiwi (not the pub). On a hill overlooking Bulford is a giant carving in chalk of a kiwi. It was carved in 1919 by New Zealand troops awaiting repatriation home. I understand it is cared for by a local boy scout troop.
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I've always wanted to see Stonehenge and was glad to get the chance. I saw it and Bath in the same day. We made it in the late afternoon to the site. A storm was approaching and it made the sky a fantastic background.
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People so often forget that Avebury and its surrounding area is part of this WHS listing, that I will concentrate upon the Avebury group - which incedentley is my favourite WHS.
The village of Avebury sits largely within the biggest of all stone circles, and as such has a somewhat 'New Age' feel; I once witnessed a child who had picked up a biggish stick (as children do) being instructed by his mother to go and thank a rather large tree for its gift! But it takes all sorts, indeed it was a marmalade magnate called Keiller who is largely responsible for restoring the circle to wahr we see today.
Outside of the circle lie other monuments and to get the best from a visit one should spend a couple of hours walking. Starting from the circle walk down West Kennet Avenue, to the Sanctury (the site of a now vanished stone circle, marked by concrete posts), from there make your way to West Kennet Long Barrow, and finally down the hill to Silbury Hill before returning to Avebury.
One last reminisance. The first time I took my friend Deirdre here, we were siting quietly backs against one of the larger stones as the sun started to set.
'It feels magical, here dosen't it.' I stated.
'There's no such thing.' Deirdre replied.
A minute or two passed and she spoke agian, 'you know I feel if you made a wish here it would come true.'
I smiled, and then we …
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Stonehenge is a place you go to - no matter how many photos you have seen - just to see how it looks in reality right in front of you.
It's quite amazing and always inspires the thought "How did an ancient, primitive people manage THAT, in the days before cranes and suchlike?" It's a "must-see this".
It gives you far more respect for ancient peoples and their "primitive" technology.
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Whilst I should have been studying I decided to go off and do a tour of Wiltshire to include all the features of the UNESCO site. Stonehenge is obviously the main site and is a world famous tourist attraction so was even busy on an overcast Tuesday in February I have never been on a weekend in summer but I guess it can be exceedingly busy! I would strongly recommend actually paying the high amounts of money to get in to the enclosure, I have been a couple of time to just peer through the fence but nothing is quite as good as the first time when I went in had the free audio guide and could see the sheer size of the stones. This is what makes the whole site so impressive so please if you have made the effort to get here it is worth paying to get in! About a kilometre East of here is the site of Woodhenge, which is amusing but not really awe inspiring it is now a series of small concrete bollards in a field, but it does provide a brief talking point and gives a good idea of how these sites were arranged.
I also headed about 20km North up to the little village of Avebury (pictured) which actually sits in the middle of a stone circle. Here you can get up close and touch the stones allowing you the chance to fully explore! The circle is much larger than Stonehenge but …
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Before I came to England, Stonehenge was on top of my list of places I wanted to visit. I was not disappointed. I was quite impressed... to think that some ancient race was so inspired by the position of the sun, unbelievable! And just how did they manage to get stones that size into position...! Such a mystery, amazing!
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I visited Stonehenge in late August and was not disappointed. The day was gray and magical with the sun trying to burn through the clouds. It was worth the extra day it took to get there and back. I found the audio guides to be very valuable to learn about the site (free once you purchase your admission ticket). It is definitely worth paying the few pounds to get in and listen to the tour rather than just looking through the fence. I will never forget it.
My boyfriend and I stayed in Trowbridge (about an hour away) at a lovely old refurbished farm turned hotel called the Old Manor Hotel. It was absolutely beautiful with gardens and antiques in every room. It was a wonderful experience.
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I was really impressed by Stonehenge but i can understand why it leavse most people underwhealmed. The stones are huge once you see them up close and the scale of the site is impressive aswell if you look at the whole area not just the bit that most tourists see.
The other sites are well worth a visit. Woodhenge!! is not impresive but can make for nice anecdotes especially if coupled with strawhenge and a big bad wolf!! But Avebury just down the road is more impressive you can acctually go up and touch the stones.
If you are in the area it is definatly worth a visit to Sailsbury which has an impressive Cathedral, as does nearby Wichester.
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It's very unfortunate that most people visit this site only to walk around the henge once and then wait for the next coach out of there. There are Saxon burial mounds, forests and footpaths to explore as well. Combine this with a visit to Salisbury cathedral and you've given yourself a crash course in English history.
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After a long train ride from southern England, reaching Salisbury, I finally reached Stonehedge and was not at all in awe. I did not pay the entrance fee becasue I felt I could get the same result from outside the fence, and I was right. Although it is something that someone should see, I was done in 15 minutes and waited another 30 for my coach back to Salisbury.
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Only a few of the original huge stones are still standing, so it's difficult to say more than Stonehenge consists of huge (twenty-five feet tall, twenty-plus ton) rocks that were put in place 2,000 to 5,000 years ago.
When did someone first notice a characteristic that connected the stars, the moon and the position of the sun, with the seasons? How was the information 'recorded' and passed from generation to generation?
Did two different groups of people (Stonehenge, and Carnac, France, separated by the English Channel), study the sky, come to the same conclusion, and use huge stones to build astrological installations? Or did members of one civilization cross the channel, and transplant the knowledge that must have taken many generations to perfect?
References we have read do not indicate a connection between Carnac's Avenues and the Great Circle at Stonehenge, but the use of huge stones, and the apparent astronomical purpose are certainly similar.
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At the parking lot, I bumped into a bunch of modern Druids. A cross-section of British society (old, young, men, women, white, black) were putting on white gowns that resembled bedsheets. On this day of the year, the 22nd of June, they held their annual rituals at Stonehenge.
Earlier I walked around the ancient stones myself. Well, in the company of at least 150 other people. And with about 50 people staring from behind the fence, not wanting to pay the entrance fee: this is a major tourist destination.
What can I remark about the site itself? It's just like you see in the innumerous pictures that exist of it. A somewhat mysterious circle of prehistoric stone slabs. To get a grip on what you see you'd have to do some serious background reading and imagining.
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