South Africa

Robben Island

WHS Score 2.63
rate
Votes 48 Average 2.9
Show votes
Votes for Robben Island

0.5

  • Christoph
  • Szucs Tamas

1.0

  • Joaofg

1.5

  • Jean Lecaillon
  • Mikko
  • Thomas van der Walt
  • Zoë Sheng

2.0

  • Dennis Nicklaus
  • Dorejd
  • Linz
  • Little Lauren Travels
  • Sachin
  • Solivagant
  • Walter

2.5

  • Daniel C-Hazard
  • João Aender
  • Ralf Regele

3.0

  • 2Flow2
  • Alexander Barabanov
  • Bernard Joseph Esposo Guerrero
  • Bodil Ankerly
  • Csaba Nováczky
  • Juropa
  • kelseyyurek
  • Ludvan
  • Marie
  • Milan Jirasek
  • Randi Thomsen
  • Rickard Alfredsson
  • Svein Elias
  • Vernon Prieto
  • voyager

3.5

  • Deffra
  • Els Slots
  • Gary Arndt
  • Joyce van Soest
  • Philipp Peterer
  • reddargon
  • Van Hung

4.0

  • Adrian Turtschi
  • Jeanne OGrady
  • Monica Tasciotti
  • Richardleesa
  • Sophie

5.0

  • finsbury_jo
  • Krijn
  • lancelee1
  • shoaibmnagi

Robben Island has become a symbol of the way in which democracy and freedom triumphed over oppression and racism.

Robben Island, an island in Table Bay 12 km off the coast from Cape Town, has been used to isolate certain people since the end of the 17th century. From 1836 to 1931 the island was used as a leper colony and in the 20th century it became infamous as a gaol for political prisoners under Apartheid. Most of the remaining buildings reflect the late 20th-century maximum security prison for political prisoners.

Community Perspective: the obligatory tours to visit the island and its anti-Apartheid heritage get mixed reviews - the groups are large and there is no freedom to venture out on your own for a bit, but to most, it is still a moving visit.

Site Info

Official Information
Full Name
Robben Island (ID: 916)
Country
South Africa
Status
Inscribed 1999 Site history
History of Robben Island
1999: Inscribed
Inscribed
WHS Type
Cultural
Criteria
  • iii
  • vi
Links
UNESCO
whc.unesco.org
All Links
UNESCO.org
Related Resources
  • pbs.org — In this section from his memoirs, Mandela describes the harsh daily routine during the early years on Robben Island.
  • robben-island.org.za — Robben Island Museum
News Article
  • June 24, 2023 news24.com — Robben Island in need of upgrades
  • Dec. 15, 2018 news24.com — Probe into corruption, nepotism and poor governance claims at Robben Island Museum
  • Oct. 21, 2017 iol.co.za — New solar plant opens on Robben Island
  • April 11, 2015 traveller24.news24.com — Robben Island Museum to overhaul ailing visitor experience
  • July 7, 2014 iol.co.za — Museum to take over Robben Island maintenance
  • Nov. 1, 2009 news.bbc.co.uk — Robben Island is 'under threat' from rabbits and deer
  • Oct. 16, 2008 iol.co.za — Robben Island to close for 2 weeks to get rid of rabbits
  • May 22, 2008 iol.co.za — Robben Island Museum has confirmed that cultural artefacts on the island, dating from the Second World War have been stolen
  • May 2, 2008 iol.co.za — Animals on Robben Island starving to death because of a lack of vegetation
  • Nov. 21, 2007 iol.co.za — Money woes trouble Robben Island Museum
  • March 3, 2007 allafrica.com — Robben Island's endangered African Black Oystercatchers have started breeding in record numbers following last year's successful feral cat eradication programme.

Community Information

  • Community Category
  • Secular structure: Memorials and Monuments
Recent Connections
View all (28) .
Connections of Robben Island
Individual People
  • Vasco da Gama
    The first Europeans to land there were probably members of Vasco de Gama’s fleet, who stopped there in 1498 in search of shelter and supplies. (AB ev)
  • Nelson Mandela
    Mandela was imprisoned here "for 18 of the 27 years of his imprisonment before the fall of apartheid" (wiki)
Geography
Trivia
  • Viewable from another WHS
    Can easily be seen from Cape Peninsular NP facing North (e.g from the top of Table Mountain or Signal Hill) within the Cape Floral Region.
  • Built or owned by Dutch
    Via the Dutch East India Company "In 1652 Jan Van Riebeeck, working for the Dutch East India Company, saw in the island an important refueling site on the trading route between Western Europe and India. Sailors began to stop on the island in order hunt seals for fresh meat and to trade with locals for cattle and sheep. This refreshment of supplies was important in order to avoid such deadly diseases as scurvy and dysentery. Throughout the 1650's and 60's the island became more and more popular. Dutch sailors began to colonize the island, mining stone for buildings and lighting warning fires at night in order to keep boats from running ashore on the islands rocky coast. settlers. " Until 1795.
  • Built or owned by British
    Lighthouse etc
  • Cultural sites taking up an entire island
History
  • VOC
    Via the Dutch East India Company "In 1652 Jan Van Riebeeck, working for the Dutch East India Company, saw in the island an important refueling site on the trading route between Western Europe and India. Sailors began to stop on the island in order hunt seals for fresh meat and to trade with locals for cattle and sheep. This refreshment of supplies was important in order to avoid such deadly diseases as scurvy and dysentery. Throughout the 1650?s and 60?s the island became more and more popular. Dutch sailors began to colonize the island, mining stone for buildings and lighting warning fires at night in order to keep boats from running ashore on the islands rocky coast. settlers. " Until 1795.
  • Historical Events
Ecology
Architecture
  • Gothic Revival
    The Anglican Church, built with convict labour in 1841, is an early example of Cape Gothic style, plastered and painted white on the exterior (AB ev)
Damaged
World Heritage Process
Religion and Belief
  • Islamic pilgrimage sites
    Just to the north of the maximum security prison is the Kramat, a monument built in 1967 on the site where Hadjie Mattarm, a Muslim holy man exiled by the VOC from the East Indies to Robben Island in 1744, was buried. He died in 1755 and his tomb became a place of pilgrimage for the Muslim community of the Cape. (AB ev)
Human Activity
Constructions
Timeline
Visiting conditions
18
News
news24.com 06/24/2023
Robben Island in need of upgrades
news24.com 12/15/2018
Probe into corruption, nepotism an…
iol.co.za 10/21/2017
New solar plant opens on Robben Is…
Recent Visitors
View all (150)
Visitors of Robben Island
Reserved for members.

Community Reviews

Show full reviews
First published: 17/11/24.

Lancelee1

Robben Island

Robben Island (Inscribed)

Robben Island by Els Slots

I apologize for all the other reviews that compare Robben Island to other sites including Alcatraz. Robben Island just like all those other sites are separate entities that have their own unique history. Its like comparing coffee to tea because they are both liquids. The deep history, if you listen to the guides and former prisoner is immensely chilling. Africans were still political prisoners into the mid 1990's. They didn't even get the right to vote until 1994. 

Yes, lining up early might not be your and ten getting into a crowded bus to tour the island is not first class. One has to remove themself from a complaining mindset and instead think about it all as a learning experience, it would have been a lot more enjoyable for you. We need to appreciate everything that these folks have gone through and fought for that we as citizens of other countries take take advantage of.

Keep reading 0 comments
First published: 31/05/24.

Dennis Nicklaus

Robben Island

Robben Island (Inscribed)

Robben Island by Dennis Nicklaus

Unlike some of the other reviewers here, I thought the required bus tour around Robben Island was a pretty good way to get an overview of the site. I also very much enjoyed the former inmate guide we had for the tour of the cell block. He wasn't the most dynamic speaker, but it was still a good experience overall. I learned a few things on my tour and appreciate the visit and got to see Mandela's cell, but it isn't the most interesting WHS.

 

The whole experience does take a very long time. I understand the need for a boat, but I don't really understand the reason for asking everyone to line up in the building by the dock for so long before the boat departs. This seemed a huge waste of about 45 minutes. There are a few interesting panels and a video playing, but it got old very fast. Then we had to wait an extra half hour for the return boat because one set of passengers was apparently way behind all the rest of us.

My bus guide said this was the only place you could see one UNESCO WHS from another (looking at Table Mountain). But I read in a recent review here of at least one other place where it's possible (Agra Fort to Taj Mahal).

Keep reading 0 comments
First published: 08/03/19.

Zoë Sheng

Robben Island

Robben Island (Inscribed)

Robben Island by Zoë Sheng

Overall I am not happy with the selection of South African WHS, and Robben Island ranks amongst the worst. It is worse than visiting Alcatraz by miles so if you enjoyed there then you don't miss anything here. For some reason it is one of the most popular attraction Cape Town has to offer as if everyone is obligated to see it, with a whole bunch of your groups from all ages. It may just be on my day but aside from one school tour the tourists were 97% European Whites so I guess they dig that place. No Chinese groups, one single guest from Nigeria, and I wouldn't go as far as calling the other guests “Eurotrash” but it seems their idea of Africa is Cape Town alone and it was very fitting with the crowd that hangs around the waterfront and shops at the mall and sits in the overpriced restaurants rather than see the rest of the country.

Anyhow so the tour starts with a long line to get into the boat. A hefty price tag (380 Rand or something) gives you a nice seat on a catamaran and we were also lucky to see humpback whales on the way. The ride was roughly 40min with a safety video, ads, a coffee shop onboard and nice views of the bay. Upon arrival you get shuffled into a bus that takes another 45min, 15 of which are another rest stop with a small shop, a view of …

Keep reading 0 comments
First published: 17/07/18.

Bodil Ankerly

Robben Island

Robben Island (Inscribed)

Robben Island by Bodil Ankerly

I visited this WHS in March 2018. It started with a very pleasant and beautiful 50 minuts boattrip from V&A Waterfront, then in a bus with a guide (who actually was living on the island with his family) around the island to the prison where Nelson Mandela had been kept for 18 years. Our guide here was also a former ANC prisoner - and it was very interesting but also very sad to hear him speak about his time in jail. At the end of the tour we saw Mandelas prison cell.

The whole island is a museum now - a very interesting WHS and it is very important that we don't forget the history.

Keep reading 0 comments
First published: 15/01/18.

Els Slots

Robben Island

Robben Island (Inscribed)

Robben Island by Els Slots

Robben Island was the penitentiary island where the South African apartheid regime kept its political prisoners between 1962 and 1991. Almost all of the past and current elite of the ANC was imprisoned here, but the cells also held members from the more radical Pan Africanist Congress and the Namibian independence movement SWAPO. The island, which lies in viewing distance from Cape Town, has been in use since the times of the Dutch East India Company (mid-17th century).

One nowadays can only visit Robben Island on a tightly organized tour. Beforehand I had heard and read a lot about those tours: not a minute of free time to walk around for yourself, unintelligible guides who tell muddled stories, even ferries that get into trouble on the short crossing (60 people had to be rescued from the sea in September 2017). But my experience was entirely different: maybe they have taken improvement measures or I caught them on a good day, but the staff on the ferry was very polite, engaging and safety conscious. The personal story of the former prisoner that acted as our guide I found very moving and added value beyond just looking at a bunch of stone prison buildings.

The boat tours depart four times a day from the most touristic part of the port of Cape Town. There, between the expensive restaurants and shops of the V&A Waterfront, lies the ‘Nelson Mandela Gateway to Robben Island’. It is an exhibition space (unfortunately closed when …

Keep reading 0 comments
First published: 14/12/15.

Michael Turtle

Robben Island

Robben Island (Inscribed)

Robben Island by Michael Turtle

What a disappointing experience. I was really looking forward to visiting Robben Island because of the important part in history it plays - not just in South Africa but across the world. I had heard the tours were taken by former political prisoners and so was expecting to hear a lot of interesting information.

Unfortunately the problem lies not with the tour guide or the state of the island but with the tour organisers themselves. This is the only way you can visit the island - with the one tour company - and they do not provide a rewarding experience.

The first half of the tour is on a bus and you have to peer out the window as they point out different buildings. The information is quite good but you could have read that in a book. I would have preferred to have been walking around and seeing it for myself and getting a sense of the place.

The second half of the tour is inside the jail but you are still in a large group. You get ushered through from room to room and it can sometimes be hard to hear the guide, or he'll start before the last people have come in. Again, all I really wanted was to walk around myself and see the place.

This kind of tour might suit some people but it's a pity there isn't an option to do it another way. I think all the emotion and meaning of the island …

Keep reading 0 comments
First published: 30/10/15.

Philipp Peterer

Robben Island

Robben Island (Inscribed)

Robben Island by Philipp Peterer

As an addition to the former reviews I can add, that the visit was not fully satisfying to me. During the whole visit you basically have no time to explore on your own. The mandatory bus tour to see the island starts right after you get off the boat. We could leave the bus 2 times: once at the quarry and once for 15mins on the southern point of the island at a snack bar. I literally ran back to the village we briefly crossed before by bus in order to make a few pictures, before the bus was departing again. When inside the bus, we spend most of the time standing in front of a building, while the guide explained this and that. The prison visit was not better. We spent around 40 of the 45min visit in the same room, where the ex-prisoner talked about live in the prison. We briefly translated to the yard, where he talked for a few more minutes and told us that we will pass the former cell of Nelson Mandela on our way out. When the tour ended we already had to hurry back to the boat, as you don’t get to choose at what time you can go back. It’s a group travel experience that does not fit my usual travel style.

Keep reading 0 comments
First published: 30/04/09.

Anonymous

Robben Island

Robben Island (Inscribed)

Robben Island by Els Slots

I first visited Robben Island in 1994 and was impressed. However, re-visiting it last year (2008) I was bitterly disappointed with the amount of neglect and dereliction that had been allowed to occur there. Certainly the prison has been well-looked after and restored, but the rest of the island verges on the appalling. The guide we had on our tour did nothing but rattle on in her own dreadful version of Afro-glish about Robert Sobukhwe (about whom most of the foreigners on the bus knew nothing) and scarcely made mention of Mandela. We were taken to a rubbish dump from which there was a good view of Cape Town and told that we could take pictures. However, the fortifications and the penguins were utterly lacking from the itinerary and were never mentioned. It struck me that it was an awful pity that such an interesting place had been allowed to reach such a state of dereliction and scabbiness.

Keep reading 0 comments
First published: 01/05/05.

Adrian Lakomy

Robben Island

Robben Island (Inscribed)

Robben Island by Adrian Lakomy

First to say it was a fight to get there :) If you want to visit Robben Island (translation from Dutch - Seal island)they really recommend to make a reservation in advance - pls do it! I sent my reservation on Monday in order to visit the site on wednesday, but the answer was "We are fully booked till saturday". I was quite sad as next day was my last one in SAR. So i agreed with the cashier that if there would be any cancellation, I would take it. I had luck :)

The site consists of two locations - the Nelson Mandela Gateway (+ Jetty 1) which is on mainland. There is a museum and and a port. In the museum there is a small cinema where former prisoners are speaking and singing - it is very emotive. The boat trip to island takes about 30 minutes. If you step out on island you will see the main gate with sign "Robben island welcomes you - we serve with pride". Then you are taken by a bus trip around the island where you can see the village, school, temples, prison for criminals, some shipwrecks, lighthouse and a cannon battery. The guide in a bus was a very funny guy who at least made some humour in this sad place. We visited also the "University of Robben island". It is a small cave in lime quarry where the political prisoners were teaching one another. When the guardsmen caught them, …

Keep reading 0 comments