Nigeria
Osun-Osogbo
The Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove is a primary forest that sustains living Yoruba cultural traditions.
This grove in Osogbo is the largest remaining shrine to Osun, the goddess of fertility, and other Yoruba deities. Many of these places of worship were revived in the second half of the 20th century when the ‘Movement of New Sacred Artists’ added sculptures and other works of art. The site is in active religious use and there's also an annual festival. The plants in the forest are used for traditional medicine.
Community Perspective: surprisingly, many of the reviewers visited long ago (as far back as 1968) and most highlight the role that Austrian Suzanne Wenger played in the conservation of the site. Solivagant visited as early as 1975 and provides a good overall overview of the site’s history and the ‘situation on the ground’.
Site Info
Official Information
- Full Name
- Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove (ID: 1118)
- Country
- Nigeria
- Status
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Inscribed 2005
Site history
History of Osun-Osogbo
- 2005: Inscribed
- Inscribed
- WHS Type
- Cultural
- Criteria
- ii
- iii
- vi
Links
- UNESCO
- whc.unesco.org
All Links
UNESCO.org
- whc.unesco.org — whc.unesco.org/
Related Resources
- theguardian.com — Picture essay about the Osun festival
- allafrica.com — From Allafrica.com: At Adunni Olorisa's Sacred Grove
News Article
- Nov. 10, 2021 premiumtimesng.com — Osun Osogbo shrine gets $127,000 U.S grant
- Sept. 15, 2020 bbc.com — Nigerian porn star arrested 'for filming' at sacred Osun Osogbo ground
- Jan. 9, 2016 edition.cnn.com — On the brink: Inside the project to save Osun Oshogbo
- March 21, 2009 ngex.com — Priestess of the Osun goddess, Suzanne Wenger, dies at 93
- Aug. 22, 2006 vanguardngr.com — Osun festival: A cultural root to broadstreet
Community Information
- Community Category
- Religious structure: Indigenous
- Cultural Landscape: Associative
Travel Information
Recent Connections
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Perfect Inscriptions
2005 -
Taboo
"There are traditional activities that … -
U.S. Ambassadors Fund
The U.S. Embassy in Nigeria is to spend…
Connections of Osun-Osogbo
- World Heritage Process
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Perfect Inscriptions
2005 -
First sites filling gaps cited by ICOMOS
living indigenous traditions 2005
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- Religion and Belief
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Secret Societies
"The Ogboni society is an elitist society of men of influence who wield considerable economic and political power. They hold their meetings in the cult house once a week." -
Sacred Forests or Groves
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Axis Mundi
See en.wikipedia.org
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Goddesses
Goddess of fertility Osun -
Living indigenous religions
The Osun Grove is a tangible expression of Yoruba divinatory and cosmological systems (AB ev) -
Taboo
"There are traditional activities that have been used to protect the site from any form of threats such as traditional laws, myths, taboos and customs that forbid people from fishing, hunting, poaching, felling of trees and farming." (UNESCO website)
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- Human Activity
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Festivals
Oshun - end of 2nd quarter of each year
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- WHS on Other Lists
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World Monuments Watch (past)
(2014)See www.wmf.org
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U.S. Ambassadors Fund
The U.S. Embassy in Nigeria is to spend $127,000 on the digital documentation and conservation of Busanyin Shrine located in the Osun Osogbo Sacred Grove. -
UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists
Oral heritage of Gelede (2008); The Ifa Divination System (2008)
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- Timeline
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Built in the 20th century
Although the cultural significance of the Grove dates back to Yoruba mythological periods what is "on show" is largely a 20th century manifestation. "Susanne Wenger, with the support of the Ataoja, formed a group with native traditional artists who started to erect decorated walls, giant sculptures and buildings around the shrines and remains of the palaces. ... "resulting in more than 40 powerful sculptures (or ensemble of sculptures) and sculptural architectures. The 'New Sacred Art' and the artists attached to that movement which started in the 1950's are today internationally recognized..." "This work that has been developed over the past 50 years in the grove is not only a masterpiece of modern art (Modern Sacred Art) but also an authentic illustration of the myths attached to the grove, and, more simply, has saved it from vanishing." (Nom File)
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News
- premiumtimesng.com 11/10/2021
- Osun Osogbo shrine gets $127,000 U…
- bbc.com 09/15/2020
- Nigerian porn star arrested 'for f…
- edition.cnn.com 01/09/2016
- On the brink: Inside the project t…
Community Reviews
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I had a very expensive day trip here today from my hotel in Ikeja near the Lagos airport. Guide and driver. It took about 3 1/2 hours to arrive at the site. One is immediately taken by the unique art forms on the walls driving in. You know that you are in a special place. We were met by a local guide who showed us around. It was Sunday and there were few visitors, but there were perhaps a dozen ladies at the temple. It is said that drinking the sacred waters of the (polluted) river were healthful and they were enjoying the libation. It was a lovely grove and fascinating to see the strange sculptures. Many referred to gods and spirit animals. While the small forest is sacred and likely worthy of UNESCO status I had difficulty accepting the relatively new art as part of the site, even though it is the art that makes the site interesting. So mixed feelings, but I enjoyed the visit. If you are up for a long drive it is great to see.
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My experience as at yesterday sunday 1st of December 2013 was one of the best i've ever seen, the status was 1st ever seen and one of the best seen. I saw d sherin and the magical rival and I was told what to do with the water and I should also drop any amount of my choice of which I did.1st, on our arrival the place was so silent without sound which scared us to death. Along the line we were able to build up our mind to move away from the magical rivel to another part of the osun,I try all I could to see anyone around to tell me what to do with the magic water.after 30minutes later we saw a woman and d husband in charge of d magic water who instructed me to ask what ever I want from d magic water and watch my head with it and after that I notice I was at peace with my spirit. We also notice some pictures we took did not turn out well as expected.above all is a place to be.
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In 1968 I was working in the area (at Effon Alaye) and stayed in Ilesha which is a town some 15 miles from Oshogbo. I visited the shrine on numerous occasions when there was noone about. It is in the forest, very quiet and an air of mystery surrounds it. It is good for quiet reflection.
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I attended osun osogbo festival 2008 when high personal individuals also were present. Among others were The osun state Governor, Prince Olagunsoye Oyinlola, The Odua Peoples Congress leader, Chief Gani Adams, HRM. The Ata-oja of Osogbo, Chief Fasasi Olabankewin (DAGUNRO) and others. In short, it was fantastic.
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Osun Oogbo Sacred Grove is a place to be, unfortunately most inhabitants of the town hardly develop interest to visit the grove,for reasons best known to them,some claim that the weird nature of the grove could pollute or adultrate their spirit being.On the other hand,Osun devotees almost on daily bases,to pay homage to the river goddess and the various deities,as well as offer necessary sacrifieses to the gods. I have been to the place several times, either on personal visits or sight seeing with visitors or tourist. Whatever nature offers us should be appriciated because nothing can be as natural as nature. In conclusion, Susan Wenger has been able to creat objects of habitation for the deities in the grove,some having very weird, astonishing forms, but all the same they remain spots of certain deity/god to be worshiped. It is best visited and seen than reported..... be there to see.
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I shall never forget my visit to the Osun Shrine, sacred grove and oracle in 1977. My companion was a Catholic priest from Oshogbo. We stopped first at the home of Ms.Wenger. The sight of her descending the staircase of her home leading on a long leash a dog that resembled a great Dane ,for all the world, looked like the figure of Diana of the hunt. The Catholic bishop of that diocese had arranged for us to visit the oracle of Osun.
On the way to the oracle we beheld the majestic sculptures of Suzanne Wenger. At the place of the oracle of Osun, the four of us--the young priest and I a Japanese-American art professor from California and his son, were expected to perform, on our knees, a symbolic lustral cleansing by throwing our hands back over our shoulder. Then we were each in turn given a kola nut and asked what it was we wished for and to tell it to the kola nut in our hand. In a low voice only I could hear I wished for reconciliation between the Christian and Yoruba beliefs. An attendant rang a tiny bell and I was told that I had come in peace and I would go in peace, which I did, leaving behind a lingering memory of Ms.Wenger lost in meditation beside the river.
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It was 1968. I was working at Unife ( now OAU) just down the road. I visited the shrine of Oshun in her grove of wondrous light and breath-taking beauty. Bright, sweet, cool waters flowed in her valley. I felt her presence. I offered prayers, and left my offerings. It was a very special time. It has remained with me always.
Attached is the pic I took. Curious. I was with a woman who was, and indeed has remained, very special to me. It was she who brought me to this grove, to greet the Goddess (that is she in the pic; a friend of Suzanne Wenger). Life's moments in time.
It was these things, these experiences, like here at this magical sacred grove, which enabled me finally to grow; to become the whole man that always had been there. I was a starving man. Nigeria provided the nourishment I so greatly needed. And the people easily sensed this. And how much they helped.
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I just returned from Osogbo on Monday past. I went to the Osun grove and was amazed by the beauty of the grove. Sadly, Ms. Wagner, the artist who did the incredible sculptures in the grove passed away a few months back. But her lovely home just outside the grove is still there and it is amazing to see. I didn't go in but I did snap a photo. We walked to the river and put our feet in the water. We posed with the statue at the river. It was an amazing, amazing experience. After reading about the Osun River and the Grove, I had never thought I would be in Nigeria to actually see it in person, yet there I was standing in the Osun River. There is a certain feeling to the place. I felt like things were vibrating around me. We prayed at the shrine with the Osun priestess which was very interesting. Too long to go into here, but that alone was worth the trip. I can't say enough about how great an experience this was for me, particularly as a daughter of Osun living in "the states," it was very meaningful for me to see the grove in person.
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In 2006 I travelled on a trans Africa tour and in May we found ourselves spending a few days is the suprising artist community of Oshogba. Here in the small Nigerian city were art galleries and workshops of extraordinary variety. Artists come to Oshogba because of the Osun-Osobgo Sacred Grove and the inspring art of Suzanne Wegner.
A group of us hired a guide who walked us through wood and field and finally to a lane on which the entrance to the shrine opened. It was weekend and from the loneliness of the the walk we entered into crowds of vistors to the Scared Grove. As the only caucasian people around we attracted a crowd of the very friendly Nigerian people who were curious to know of our visit and extremely proud to show us this site.
Of course the highlight of this visit, besides the warmth of the locals, was the art of Ms. Wegner. Extraordinary and unearthly, the sheer size of her sculptures along with the number of them (obviously the work of a lifetime)made one feel the magical qualites of this river and grove, something which the local people firmly believe.
After a visit to the shrine our guide took us into town and showed us Ms. Wegners house. Covered in more schulpture of a house size scale, it was exactly as you'd expect of the artist who created the works in the Osun Shrine--remarkable. As we gazed at the works of her home our guide skipped …
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The addition of the Osun Shrine to the WHS list in 2005 brought back memories of my visit to it during travels around Nigeria in 1975. Nigeria wasn’t and, from what I read, still isn’t really a country to travel around “looking” at places. One could hardly recommend anyone to take a “holiday” there! Dealings with individuals can range from the rapacious, through hostile and unhelpful to extremely kind and friendly. The mere logistics of travel can be very wearing.
To get the most out of Nigeria you need to have or to engineer an entrée to its society. By lucky happenstance through a chance travelling companion (I hope the last 30 years have treated you well Judith Barrett of Vancouver!) I had somehow got involved with the artistic and music scene around Oshogbo (a centre for such activities). This included meeting and staying with Twins Seven Seven – now apparently a grand old man of the African artistic scene, highly feted in USA and “owner” of some 6000 Web entries (I note that he has even recently been designated himself by UNESCO - as an “Artist for Peace”! How many “lists” does UNESCO have?). Also with another, albeit less renowned, artist Sam Babarinsa (though I note he still has some Web entries!).
It was Sam who took me the short journey from his house in Oshogbo down to a forest grove by a river. This was the Osun Shrine – a place I noted as being “full of mystery”. …
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