Italy
Mount Etna
Mount Etna is of great scientific significance as it is one of the most active volcanoes in the world.
Its almost continuous series of eruptions have been documented since ancient times, making it an important destination for the study of volcanology. Etna’s top is a conical stratovolcano with four summit craters. Various volcanic phenomena such as craters, lava caves, lava flows and cinder cones are clearly visible.
Community Perspective: Although the volcano can be seen from afar, the core zone is limited to the most strictly protected areas. For most components except the lower remains of lava flows, you need to do some serious hiking (as done by Els, Nan and Aspasia) or take a guided jeep tour (as Jay and Ilya did). Also, have a look at Joël’s video of what it looks like in bad weather.
Site Info
Official Information
- Full Name
- Mount Etna (ID: 1427)
- Country
- Italy
- Status
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Inscribed 2013
Site history
History of Mount Etna
- 2013: Inscribed
- Inscribed
- WHS Type
- Natural
- Criteria
- viii
Links
- UNESCO
- whc.unesco.org
All Links
UNESCO.org
- whc.unesco.org — whc.unesco.org/
Related Resources
- parcoetna.it — Parco dell'Etna
News Article
- Dec. 24, 2018 bbc.com — Etna erupts in Sicily amid dozens of tremors
- March 16, 2017 theguardian.com — BBC crew among those injured in explosion on Mount Etna
- June 17, 2014 netnewsledger.com — Mount Etna Volcano Erupts
- Oct. 27, 2013 theguardian.com — Mount Etna erupts
Community Information
- Community Category
- Natural landscape: Volcanic
Travel Information
Recent Connections
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Perfect Inscriptions
2013 -
Alexandre Dumas
Dumas recounts his visit to Sicily in h… -
Located in a TCC Territory
Sicily
Connections of Mount Etna
- Individual People
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Rabban Bar Sauma
he witnessed and recorded the great eruption of Mount Etna on June 18, 1287 (wiki) -
Alexandre Dumas
Dumas recounts his visit to Sicily in his work "Le Speronare", during which he visited Catania, Syracuse, the Valley of the Temples in Agrigento and ascended the Etna.See fr.wikipedia.org
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Goethe
Goethe visited Mount Etna during his Grand Tour. (Nomination file, p. 72) -
Posidonius
Mount Aetna covers the fields around Catana in ash-dust.
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- Geography
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Recently Active Volcanoes
1928, 1949, 1971, 1981, 1992
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- Trivia
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Depicted in Mizielinska Maps
See i.pinimg.com
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Fatal Accidents or 'disasters'
6 tourists killed during eruption in 1979See news.google.com
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- History
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Famous suicides
Diogenes Laërtius records the legend that Empedocles died by throwing himself into Mount Etna in Sicily, so that the people would believe his body had vanished and he had turned into an immortal god; the volcano, however, threw back one of his bronze sandals, revealing the deceit. Another legend maintains that he threw himself into the volcano to prove to his disciples that he was immortal; he believed he would come back as a god after being consumed by the fire.See en.wikipedia.org
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- Ecology
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Eagles
Golden eagle (Nomination file, p. 69) -
Lava tubes
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Notable Trees
The Hundred Horse Chestnut (Castagno dei Cento Cavalli) is the largest and oldest known chestnut tree in the world. It is located on Linguaglossa road in Sant'Alfio, on the eastern slope of Mount Etna (wiki) -
Stratovolcanoes
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Turtles and tortoises
Hermann's tortoise (Testudo hermanni) (Nomination file, p. 70) -
Volcanic Hotspots
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Ice cave
"Grotta del Gelo is probably the most internationally well-known Etna's volcanic cavities, due to its ice formation phenomenon, started over three centuries ago and still going on." (Nomination file, p. 142) -
Beech Forests
"The mountain zone (mainly falling within the core zone) is generally referred to as the "beech belt" but on Etna, where the beech is at the extreme southern limit of its distribution range, it is spread in a very fragmentary way. The present beech woods on Etna can, in fact, be considered relicts of the much bigger formations which were widespread in the post glacial period when the climate was colder and wetter. (...) These beech forests in Mount Etna reach the highest altitudes ever recorded in Europe, and at the same time they represent the most southern location (the lowest latitude)." (Nomination file, p. 59-60)
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- World Heritage Process
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Perfect Inscriptions
2013 -
Inscribed on a single criterion only
viii -
2 or more nominated criteria rejected by AB
Rejected: 7, 9. Accepted: 8
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- Religion and Belief
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Legends and Folk Myths
"According to myth, Hephaestus, also called Volcano, lived inside Etna. He was the god of fire and a skilled smith, able to tame Adranos, the demon of fire, which he offered to mankind. Aeolus, the god of the winds, went to visit the erupting mountain and within its caves he trapped the winds of the world. As it often happened for volcanoes and volcanic areas, myths and popular beliefs linked Etna to the mysterious world of afterlife. The Greeks set the world of death, Tartarus, just below Etna." (Nomination file, 2.a)
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- Human Activity
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Grand Tour
"Etna was also the ideal destination of many travellers at the end of the XVIII century (the so-called Gran Tour)" (Nomination file, p. 72)
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- WHS on Other Lists
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Decade Volcanoes
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Biodiversity hotspot
Mediterranean Basin -
Natura 2000
In addition, nine Natura 2000 sites overlap the nominated property to various degrees, providing additional protection for 77% of the nominated area under European legislation. (AB ev) -
Located in a TCC Territory
Sicily
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- Timeline
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Middle Pleistocene
About 300,000 years ago, volcanism began occurring to the southwest of the summit (centre top of volcano) then, before activity moved towards the present centre 170,000 years ago. (Wiki)
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- WHS Hotspots
- Science and Technology
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Muography
"to generate the internal images of the magma pathways of Etna volcano"See en.wikipedia.org
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Scientific Developments
"The almost continuous eruptive activity of Mount Etna continues to influence volcanology, geophysics and other Earth science disciplines." (AB ev) -
Astronomy and Astrology
"The nominated property includes very little infrastructure: ........ and an observatory. Funding has been secured for a complete overhaul of the observatory which is scheduled to start in 2013" IUCN eval
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- WHS Names
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Named after a Mountain
Mount Etna - 3,350 m
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- 18
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Star Wars
This active volcano was used as the background for the light saber battle between Obi-Wan Kenobi and Anakin Skywalker in “Star Wars Episode III: Revenge Of The Sith.” During filming, Mount Etna erupted and George Lucas sent his team to film the lava flows. -
Featured in the Go Jetters
Series 1: Episode 16: Mount Etna
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News
- bbc.com 12/24/2018
- Etna erupts in Sicily amid dozens …
- theguardian.com 03/16/2017
- BBC crew among those injured in ex…
- netnewsledger.com 06/17/2014
- Mount Etna Volcano Erupts
Recent Visitors
Visitors of Mount Etna
- Afshin Iranpour
- ailsa
- AK
- Alessandro Votta
- Alexander Barabanov
- Alexander Lehmann
- AlexSchedel
- Alfons and Riki Verstraeten
- alicemears
- ALS
- Ammon Watkins
- Ana Lozano
- Andrew Wembridge
- Anne
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- Ask Gudmundsen
- Aspasia
- Atila Ege
- Aunti
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- Beckyjzw
- Ben Pastore
- Bill Maurmann
- Bin
- Birgitte Sørensen
- Bodil Ankerly
- Bram de Bruin
- Bropyk
- butterflybird
- CampbellME
- canadiantraveller
- Can SARICA
- caroleannwhittle@aol.com
- Caspar Dechmann
- Cezar Grozavu
- Chen Taotao
- Cheryl
- CherylKla
- chiuliqi
- Chris Law
- ChrisN
- Christian Wagner
- Christoph
- Cirene Moraes
- Claire Bradshaw
- Clyde
- Col
- Corinne Vail
- Craig Harder
- Cristina Erba
- Csaba Nováczky
- CyBeRr
- Dagmara
- Daniela Hohmann
- Daniel C-Hazard
- Dan Pettigrew
- David Pastor de la Orden
- Davied
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- Elia Vettorato
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- FS
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Community Reviews
Show full reviews
We based ourselves in Taormina for 4 days in early April 2025 to immerse ourselves in this location, as it is a beautiful coastal town (up in the hills) with an amazing amphitheatre and character itself (not UNESCO). We were blessed with a wonderful view of Mt Etna from Taormina for the first 2 days and then the cloud cover came in. We choose a local tour company for a Morning Tour of Mt Etna which was 75 Euro per adult. The tour company picked us up at 8.30am for a leisurely drive up the Northeastern slope of Mt Etna where we then hiked for about an hour and half along the slope of Mt Etna amongst the lava flows and landscape. Snow was still visible across the top of Mt Etna, although we only went up to 2000 feet. The wind was gusting between 30 - 50 kilometres per hour and whipping up some great sand (lava dust) storms as we navigated the walking trails and crests of some of the hills in the area. We then continued to Grotta della neve, where we walked through an old lava tube before having lunch nearby and returning to Taormina at 3.30pm in the afternoon. It was a great experience, with the Northeastern slope being less "mass" tourism as the Southern slope has the cable car and more tourist infrastructure. Ironically, we climbed on Monday and on the Friday. 4 days later, Mt Etna erupted providing a lovely show, which we …
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I rarely prioritize nature over culture when traveling. Even with my comparatively short roster of WH sites, Mount Etna is only the fifth natural or mixed site that I visited. My better half is usually even less keen, especially whenever there is a whiff of danger – such as, for instance, going up an active volcano. Nonetheless, it was she who suggested that we modify our plans for the trip to Sicily in the late September of 2021, and take advantage of a private Jeep tour with a local guide for a half-day on the mountain. (“Jeep” is not meant here as a brand name, but rather as a generic term. Our ride was a Land Rover Defender.)
Our guide, who spent his entire life on the slopes of Etna, gave us an unparalleled overview of the volcano, driving us through various vegetation zones and lava plateaus, stopping by and hiking to several key features, and pointing out various details (that, frankly, an unprepared mind cannot possibly absorb and retain in their entirety). Some parts that we drove through you definitely cannot reach in a regular car and without guidance. Also, this being an active volcano, being led by someone able to interpret the seismic activity monitoring system was certainly reassuring (there are usually sufficient advance signals of the heightened activity, so the park would have plenty of warnings – and, likely, be closed – if there was a chance of an imminent eruption).
Etna is, of course, …
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Mount Etna had been on my list for quite a while now, but some of the reviews here made me curious and disappointed at the same time: is it that boring and ugly? I started my trip on the 12th of June 2021 with the bus from Catania train station to Rifugio Sapienza. The bus driver got chatty once we left Nicolosi and by the time the bus arrived its destination, I was hooked. Together with a French couple we went for a guided tour (45 euro), first through the compulsory dress-up (only my jacket was deemed suitable) and then we took the cablecar to 2500 m (30 euro return trip). The cablecar is indeed pricey, but I felt it worth it for the spectacle we were about to enjoy.
Etna has been active recently and on that day it was the Southeast crater in full swing. We knew from Nicolosi that for safety reasons we would make it to 2750 m (and the guide seemed doubtful to be able to take tourists farther in 2021), but that was enough. After the cablecar we had a steep hike and then sounds very similar to thunders (volcanic explosions) joined us for the rest of the trip. The thick snow buried under ash and the few burnt plants were proof to a landscape changing all the time. At times I felt I had reached Mordor, with clouds obstructing the cones and everything around being just lava and volcanic rocks of various …
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This is the first WHS I saw and visited outside of my home country and possibly the WHS I revisited the most. It is also the first one I had a souvenir from, and it introduced me to the world of geology.
My first primary school outing was a 3 hour flyover flight over Mt Etna. I still clearly remember the red molten magma spewing out of the snow capped volcano crater. It was a mindboggling experience as I wasn't expecting to see snow and lava at the same time. In my imagination they were two separate landscapes. Another image which I'm sure is still relevant is that of the many locals building their homes anew, literally on top of their previous houses engulfed by lava.
The volcano's size is quite impressive and it is quite common for tourists and locals alike to get lost or require the intervention of a rescue team. So if you plan to venture a bit off the beaten track, consider going with a knowledgeable guide. It's relatively easy to get close to the top using the cable car and eruptions take place practically every year. To appreciate any OUV this WHS might have, make sure to visit some of the several geological features already mentioned by other reviewers. That said, the best photo opportunities are from quite a distance away. Probably the most iconic is the view from Taormina's Teatro Greco.
Once you land at Catania airport you can't miss the …
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Last November I was rather excited that planning worked out and that my 200th World Heritage Site would be a natural site: Mount Etna. I had scheduled a day tour that would include an organized 4x4 vehicle drive into the core zone, but I had not counted on three factors: 1) November is within the off season for visitors; 2) the weather on the mountain can be unpredictable; and 3) my day tour was cancelled before I arrived due to a lack of other participants. I regrouped and joined a half day tour that also visited Taormina, but I couldn't help but feel let down about not getting a proper tour of the volcano.
Mount Etna is quite spectacular, dominating the east coast of Sicily. I had a great view of the snow-covered peak as I passed it twice by boat, and I had high hopes that it would be just as clear the day I visited. It was not to be. The small clouds gathering at the top of the mountain as I looked out at it from Taormina grew over the next hour, so that by the time my tour arrived at the top of the mountain I was shrouded in fog and beset by a steady wind (for which I was glad I was prepared with warm layers of clothing). The orange and yellow autumn woods made a beautiful contrast to the lava fields on the drive up the mountain, but all I could see as …
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The first view I got of the Etna were from Catania. The Via Etnea is aligned in such a way that you can see the volcano. Still, I couldn't count that.
To get my tick, I took a bus to Refugio Sapienza and hiked from there up the mountain. On the bus ride we had already passed several (cold) lava fields, clearly indicating that this is an active volcano. It's interesting to see how close Catania is to an active volcano.
Around the Refugio there were several cold craters waiting to be explored. From the refugio, if you want to continue up, you have the option to take a lift or hike; I hiked. But the initial hike to the upper station is mostly via lava fields that are rather terrible to hike. If it weren't for the price, I would probably recommend taking the lift. Eventually, everything was clouded in fog and snow. For a while I couldn't see much further than 10m and was questioning if it made sense to continue. Luckily, when I reached the final spot, the sky cleared briefly and I took the attached picture.
My hiking app kept proposing trails that lead into the snow fields. I decided against it and would recommend to you to do the same. It's really best to follow the road.
At the end of the road, you get a good view of the volcano and can hike along an active crater rim. From this …
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Over 240 community members so far have ticked off Mount Etna as ‘visited’, but I wonder how many of them have just ‘seen’ it from a distance versus entered the core zone and witnessed its OUV. Most reviews to date indeed seem to have been in the former category. By far the best of them is Joel’s video, made during terrible weather conditions. I recently spent a long weekend in the area to try to make mine into a ‘good visit’. It all got off to a fitting start as my flight from Rome was delayed by an hour because air traffic to Catania was temporarily limited due to Etna's ash clouds.
The next day at 5.15 a.m., I left Taormina with my guide for the journey to the northeastern slopes of the Etna. We drove to the parking lot of Rifugio Citelli, which lies already at an altitude of over 1,700 meters. Everything was still dark and quiet, although we were able to stop underway at a bar for an Italian stand-up breakfast of cappuccino and a cornetto. The breakfast bars along the route open early (this one at 4.30!) to serve the local mushroom hunters and the maintenance staff of the park.
Having arrived at the parking lot it became clear that it would be a serious walk: I got a helmet buckled to my backpack, two hiking poles pressed into my hands and even shoes with a better profile fitted on. Also, guide Davide and …
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March 2019 - our first journey with daughter. We decided to go to Sicily. It was on our list for ages and finally we made it.
From the plane, landing in Catania, one can see the Aetna Volcano rising above the island.
During our day in Catania, we always were looking up to the Vulcano, hoping to see some fumarols.
Day 2 we took the Circumetnea train to Bronte and back. We got some nice views at the Volcano and understood its extend.
Bronte was not as interesting as exoected, but the stunning views at the lava beds and the train ride itself, were worse it.
Next time Sicily we will definitely visit the top of Aetna, but with a 3 months baby and March with the snow, are not the best circumstences. We drove further to Palermo, than south and than back to Catania. Always in the shade of Aetna.
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I was not planning to reach the Etna summit during my trip to Sicily in May 2014. However, it was impossible not to spot the mount Etna (always covered by cloud on the top) when travelling from Val di Notto towards Catania, and then from Nebrodi and Madonie mountains. We went via Bronte, which is famous for pistachio - it is grown almost everywhere around Bronte, and I was pretty surprised how pistachio tree really looks...
From Bronte we did short trip to Rifugio Piano Dei Grilli, which is already in the buffer zone of WHS; (photo: View from Rifugio towards Etna). However, the road from Bronte crossed the lava flow that already belonged to the core zone. From the Rifugio, there are quite a lot of marked trails going inside the national park. I felt like in gardes of Eden there, because everything was in bloom in May.
I enjoyed the trip a lot even without climbing the steep slopes of the Etna stratovolcano.
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It's hard to even know where to start with a colossal site like Mount Etna. We decided to base ourselves in the town of Trecastagni, and as luck would have it, our Airbnb host recommended a fantastic local guide, a Sicilian named Dario Vaghi. We'd hoped to do some hiking and really explore the upper reaches of Etna, but unfortunately the day we visited there was a heavy blizzard near the top and the cable car wasn't running! No problem for Dario - he knew several other fascinating spots for us to visit and explore. As you can see from the video, we really got to explore all the different facets of Etna: its climates, ecosystems and various habitats. What a magnificent spot.
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My journey around Mount Etna was most enjoyable. I viewed the mountain from the south, west and north, and had close up experience of crossing old lava flows. All this was in the comfort of a seat of the Circumetnea train.
I travelled from Catania to Giarre on the Circumetnea, stopping for a refreshment break at Rendezzo on the way. After Rendezzo the mountain was obscured by cloud. From Giarre I returned directly to Catania on the main line.
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Mt. Etna is of universal value. As UNESCO notes Mt. Etna is an active volcano that yields information to scientists around the world about geological phenomena that affect millions of people, not only in Sicily but around the world. Because of Mt. Etna's activity a visit to the park can reveal different landscapes (and paths of destruction) from year to year. It has served as a proving ground for a variety of techniques to stop or divert lava flow (some successful, some not) to avoid populated areas.
The surrounding areas of the park are of a stark, stunning beauty and yes, there are some great hikes (or just walks or drives) available in the area. Many of the surrounding cities and towns are built with the volcanic rock that Etna has spewed out over the centuries.
Mt. Etna also holds a place in Western literature. In Greek and Roman mythology it's the home of Hephaestus (Vulcan in the Roman pantheon)and features prominently in Milton's Paradise Lost. It has become the background for any number of generic views of Greek theaters. (Think Woody Allen's "Mighty Aphrodite.")Possibly only second to Vesuvius in notoriety, Mt. Etna is a unique natural wonder.
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