Morocco
Medina of Marrakesh
The Medina of Marrakesh is an old Islamic capital originating from the 11th century, enclosed by 16km of ramparts and gates.
The city owes its original splendour to the Almoravid and Almohad dynasties (11th - 13th centuries), who made Marrakesh their capital. The Medina has several architectural and artistic masterpieces from different periods in history.
Community Perspective: It has massive charm, especially at the Djema-El-Fna. There are numerous sights of architectural interest as well, such as the Koutoubia Mosque, Medersa Ben Youssef and the Bahia Palace. One can easily spend 3 days in this city, also taking in the more outlying gardens.
Site Info
Official Information
- Full Name
- Medina of Marrakesh (ID: 331)
- Country
- Morocco
- Status
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Inscribed 1985
Site history
History of Medina of Marrakesh
- 1985: Inscribed
- Inscribed
- WHS Type
- Cultural
- Criteria
- i
- ii
- iv
- v
Links
- UNESCO
- whc.unesco.org
All Links
UNESCO.org
- whc.unesco.org — whc.unesco.org/
Related Resources
- visitmorocco.com — Visit Morocco: Marrakech
News Article
- Sept. 12, 2023 theartnewspaper.com — Morocco earthquake leaves key heritage sites severely damaged
- April 29, 2011 independent.co.uk — 15 killed by Marrakech bomb
Community Information
- Community Category
- Urban landscape: Arabic and Middle Eastern
Travel Information
Discriminatory Entry Policies
Recent Connections
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Perfect Inscriptions
1985 -
Sir Wilfred Thesiger
1965See prmprints.com
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Over 100,000 inhabitants
167,000 (2004)
Connections of Medina of Marrakesh
- Individual People
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Ibn Battuta
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Winston Churchill
Often stayed at Hotel Moumiya which is inside the Medina Walls -
Sir Wilfred Thesiger
1965See prmprints.com
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- Trivia
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Sound and Light Show
At Menara Gardens -
Over 100,000 inhabitants
167,000 (2004) -
Replica in Epcot
Katoubia Minaret
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- History
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Almohads
Koutoubia Mosque " The minaret was completed under the reign of the Almoahd Caliph Yaqub al-Mansur (1184-1199)" -
Located in a Former Capital
Morocco (several times) -
Almoravid dynasty
Marrakesh was the capital of the Almoravids from c. 1070–1147. "The Almoravids established the first major structures in the city and shaped its layout for centuries to come. The red walls of the city, built by Ali ibn Yusuf in 1122–1123.." (wiki).. "The Almoravid Qubba is one of the few Almoravid monuments in Marrakesh surviving, and is notable for its highly ornate interior dome with carved stucco decoration, complex arch shapes, and minor muqarnas cupolas in the corners of the structure" (wiki)See en.wikipedia.org
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Berbers
Marrakesh was "founded" c1062 by an Almoravid and contains to this day some buildings from that time (albeit that they may have undergone significant reconstruction(s) - The Red walls and the Kououria and Ben Youssef mosques. Also the Djma el-Fnaa dates from that time
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- Architecture
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Medina
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Moorish architecture
City walls ("The walls have a fairly regular construction typical of medieval Morocco and al-Andalus"), minaret of Koutoubia mosque (12C, "Its design includes a high square shaft (which takes up about four fifths of its height[2]) and another smaller square shaft standing on top of it, capped by a dome. Many features of the minaret are also found in other religious buildings in the country, such as a wide band of ceramic tiles near the top and the alternation between different but related motifs on each façade of the minaret, including Moorish-style polylobed arch patterns."), Saadian Tombs (16C).See en.wikipedia.org
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Muqarnas
Saadian Tombs: "The chamber is covered by a vault of very fine and intricate muqarnas (honeycomb or stalactite-like sculpting) made of stucco which retains a part of its polychrome painting in blue and gold" (wiki)
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- Damaged
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Terrorist Attacks
Djemaa el-Fna square, April 28 2011. Suicide bombing, 16 dead. -
Destroyed or damaged by Earthquake
2023 Marrakesh-Safi earthquake: "the Koutoubia mosque's iconic minaret has suffered substantial cracks, while the minaret of the Kharbouch Mosque in Jemaa El Fnaa Square is almost completely destroyed and many sections of the city’s historic walls have collapsed. The worst hit area in the city is reportedly its ancient Jewish quarter—the Mellah—where historic homes have been badly damaged."
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- World Heritage Process
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Perfect Inscriptions
1985
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- Religion and Belief
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Notable mosques
Koutoubia Mosque, 1147, Sunni, its minaret has greatly influences Spanish architecture -
Jewish religion and culture
Jewish cemetery
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- Constructions
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Walled cities
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Notable Hotels
Hotel La Mamounia. Famous for its guests (inc Churchill/Roosevelt whilst at Casablanca) and art deco/moorish designs from 1922. -
Dynastic Burial Places
Saadian Tombs, containing about sixty members of the Saadi Dynasty of Morocco (1554 - 1659) -
Notable minarets
Koutoubia minaret, 77m highSee en.wikipedia.org
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Cemeteries
Jewish Cemetery
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- WHS on Other Lists
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UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists
The Cultural Space of Jemaa el-Fna Square (2008) & Gnawa (2019): The Gnawa are also found in large numbers in imperial cities, often within the historic old urban fabric (the medinas), particularly in Essaouira and Marrakesh. These two cities are home to a significant number of Gnawa musicians and followers of Gnawa culture.See ich.unesco.org
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- Timeline
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Built in the 11th century
Founded in 1070-72 by the Almoravids
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- Science and Technology
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Universities
Ben Youssef Madrasa; "This madrasa was one of the largest theological colleges in North Africa and may have housed as many as 900 students" (wiki)
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- Visiting conditions
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Discriminatory Entry Policies
Koutoubia mosque - Muslims only
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- WHS Names
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Country named after them
"The word Morocco is derived from the name of the city of Marrakesh, which was its capital under the Almoravid dynasty, the Almohad Caliphate, and the Saadian dynasty." (wiki)
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- 18
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In The Simpsons
“Treehouse of Horror II” (1991); “C.E. D’oh” (2003) -
In a Hitchcock movie
The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956) by Alfred Hitchcock
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News
- theartnewspaper.com 09/12/2023
- Morocco earthquake leaves key heri…
- independent.co.uk 04/29/2011
- 15 killed by Marrakech bomb
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Community Reviews
Show full reviews
WHS#45
Everything they say is true. You will get lost in Marrakesh. It's dirty. It's stinky. It's crowded and commercial. The buildings are crumbling. It's extremely hot and dusty. And it's very interesting. They say you either love it or hate it. Well, I both hated it and loved it, in that order. After riding the night train from Rabat, my family and I arrived in the Marrakesh train station early in a May 2017 morning, checked into a nearby hotel, and slept. Of course, we decided to check out the medina later in the afternoon, but not before checking out the Jardin Majorelle (not WHS, but I recommend you check it out). Upon arriving at Djemaa El Fna, the first stop was at a pharmacy to buy argan oil to bring for people back in the Philippines. First impressions weren't too great; the square was bustling, but it felt all too familiar and somewhat touristy. Nothing was really catching our eyes the way we imagined the magical city of Marrakesh would be. The "pinkish clay" was more like dull muddy brown. The single impressive monument around, Koutoubia Mosque, was closed for non-Muslims. Luckily, we met a licensed tourism official who brought us to a great restaurant nearby. Mint tea, tagines, couscous, salads, and pastillas galore! I was also treated to my first sight of belly dancing. On the not so great side, that dinner was also the most expensive on the whole trip, and that was a trip …
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Feeling The Medina of Marrakesh. Before coming to Marrakesh, people told us, you’ll either love it or hate it. This wasn’t our first trip to the country, but this particular trip would let us have two weeks in Morocco to explore. So setting up a base in Marrakesh for a few days made sense on our trip in April 2018.
Our first step into the main square, Djemaa El-Fna, and it just felt so right. The square was a teeming mass of people, the smells from the nightly food stalls filled the air, and everywhere was the cacophony of noise. Everywhere. Horns, music, yelling, screaming, laughing.
But beyond the square and the souks, there’s a cultured influence here. It’s clear to see this is the one of the world’s great Islamic capitals.
The El Bahia Palace was absolutely remarkable in its architecture and beauty. There is perhaps no finer royal palace anywhere in the world. The courtyards and gardens bring a serenity that we didn’t expect to find in Marrakesh. But the ornate ceilings are the highlight and not to be missed.
When it comes to artwork and Islamic tilework, a visit to the Ben Youssef Madrasa is in order. It is beautiful!
However, we weren’t prepared to get lost in the medina. Perhaps we should have been. We now tell friends visiting that one of our top Moroccan travel tips is to be prepared to get lost – and enjoy it.
Like our …
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I love this city - although I can't decide whether I prefer Marrakech or Fez. Oh well, no reason why you can't just enjoy both for different reasons!
The constant hassling of tourists for everything in Marrakech become a little annoying but you get used to it quite quickly and there are ways to minimise the trouble. Away from the souks and the hotels there are lots of great sights that make up the WHS. El Bahia Palace is one of the more impressive, but even the ruins in El Badi Palace have their own charm.
There are lots of ways you can approach a visit to Marrakech. I stayed for about three days and did a good mix of sights, getting lost, and just relaxing in the cafes.
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Travelling by train from Casablanca airport to Marrakesh, I soon found myself at Bab Doukkala and the entrance to the medina. Besides nearby the palacial riad that I was staying in, I was immediately besieged by the sounds, smells, sights and tastes of the souk. Here were stalls selling brochettes, tangerines, dates, live chickens, flat bread, ceramics and a thousand other necessities of life.
Over the next few days I explored this city, seeking out huge and decorated palaces, tiny synagogues and a massive Jewish cemetery.
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We went to the medina in Marrakesh in March this year. I found it far less threatening than the medina in Fes. There is more room to move around and you are not getting almost run over by mules all the time. The people are friendly, however be careful not to be conned into buying items that you don't really want. The stall owners can be very pushy and all will tell you that their goods are unique, however you can often find the same item around the corner and often cheaper. Haggling over prices is expected so don't pay the asking price unless you are totally happy that it is already a bargain.Do be careful where you eat, look at the food and then look at the cafe/restaurant, is it clean does the food look fresh. Be careful of the monkeys, they are trained to steal off you if they can while they look cute they are cunning and sometimes can scratch or bite and that will only lead to severe medical problems.
Over-all we had a good day in the medina but did find that the further you went in the less variety there was as everything was the same. If you want to see as much as possible then start early (they open about 10am) and take some food and water with you, the stores don't close until about sundown so you should have plenty of time BUT do take note of which way you are going, …
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I visited this WHS in June 2011. Marrakesh is home to several impressive monuments such as the Koutoubiya Mosque, the Kasbah, the Badi' Palace, the Ben Youssef Madrasa and the Saadian Tombs. However, the highlight of my visit was the Place Jama' El Fna, inscribed in the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
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I cannot count the number of times that I lost my way in Marrakech. And not only in the maze of the souks. Not one map seems to be able to properly display this organically grown city on paper. Especially finding the Ben Youssef madrassa proved to be too complicated for my orientation skills. Approaching from either the south or the north, I always ended up somewhere amidst the shops of the souks.
Fortunately, Marrakech has plenty of things to see so you'll end up at an interesting place anyway. Its main landmark is the minaret of the Koutoubia mosque. It dates from the 12th century but looks as if it was built yesterday (probably because of the restoration it has undergone in the 1990s). It never stops to draw one's attention, from whichever side you approach it. A major sight, that could have gotten WH status on its own merits.
More hidden from first sight are the palaces. The 19th century El Bahia palace for example gets more and more impressive with each courtyard. Especially the woodwork in the ceilings and around the doors is amazing. I was also struck by the number of tourists at the site - easily hundreds. This is December, this is Southern Morocco, and whole European families had turned this once remote and mysterious caravanserai city into their holiday break.
More of that was to come at the Saadian Tombs. A snake-shaped queue had formed in the inner courtyard. The people …
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I was there in 1974. It was a surreal experience for me, saw many things that I had seen in photos long ago in Life Magazine...sort of sent chills through my body. Compared to other cities in Morocco, it is an adventure you will never forget. I stayed there for about a week, living cheap in the medina, eating cheap at a cafe in the medina...good idea to eat where other vagabonds eat, I never got sick. The Plaza Djemma el Fna was good to see, but once you walk through the entrance to the medina, you've entered a world as different as you'll ever find anywhere in the world.
The merchants are like anywhere, want you to buy everything, wonder why you don't, will ship it for you anywhere you want....I didn't, there is no recourse if they don't. What are you goin to do, fly back and complain?
But, everything you see is about a good as it gets, you could furnish a palace with what you'll see.
I got there via a bus from Fez, a terrible city. Avoid it if you can, the Moroccans are so uptight there. I was a vagabond back then, hitched across N. Africa, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco.
If you are really adventurous, go to Essouira, stay there for awhile, live in the medina. Another unforgettable experience. And you can enjoy the ocean as well.
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Marrakech with a Berber heritage and one of the original travel meccas, is a vibrant mix of past and present. The Djema El Fna is an ancient meeting place where caravans crossing the sahara with slaves and trade goods met. The city has had a violent past but its historical monuments have been largely spared. The impressive Koutoubia mosque and minaret overlooks the the main square and the vast living medina or old city. The Ben Youssef Madrassa (university) is exquisite! Built during Islams golden age, it is a glorious testament to the artisans and architects of the Merinid Dynasty based out of Fez. The Merinid Sultan Abu Inan Faris in the 14 century became the patron to the great world traveller Ibn Battuta who studied in the great madrassas of Fez and Marrakech. The Djema el fna remains a strange place where fortune tellers, snake charmers, entertainers, story tellers (not in english) , healers, musicians, local families and foreigners congregate nightly. At night is the unforgettable night market serving exquisite cous cous. tagines (stews). grilled lamb chops or brochettes (skewered meats). fish, salads, and much more. 1000's of locals and visitors fill the dozens of eateries set up each night. it's a raucous affair with all having a great time. The vast medina is open late selling anything though the marrakech slave market is closed; it now sells carpets. One can get seriously lost in the medina. Its creepy at night. Marrakech is a great medieval city that retains …
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The medina here is no preserved museum it is busy, dirty and noisy and it is here that it’s massive charm can be found. The whole place feels completely alive, especially the main square Djema-El-Fna. This was the highlight of the city for me; it was so busy and on the whole it seemed that the entertainment was directed at the locals and not at the tourists. It was fascinating to see this happen, and at night (picture) it turns into a huge open air restaurant, unfortunately a bout of travellers stomach, picked up elsewhere, stopped us on our last night from giving the food a try but our travelling companions ate their and really enjoyed it. The square is not much to look at, however it is really a great place to experience, and you will be hard pressed to find a better bargain than the freshly squeezed juice for 3dh (€0.30) at many of the stalls.
The alleys leading north from Djema-El-Fna are the souqs and are really the central aspect of the city. Marakesh is a real trading city as a destination of the caravans arriving from the Sahara; this is shown by many of the wares on sale from Berber, Toureg and even Dogon communities. The things that are not brought in from the dessert are made with-in the city; it is great to see production happening on such a human scale. You can see the things for sale being handcrafted in stalls and courtyards all …
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medina of marrakesh is for me one the most peaceful on in all morocco. full of berber people imigrated from the after atlas villages south morocco. main square j'ma el fna sure is the staring point of the imense labirinth of the huge medina of marrakesh. from tapestry, food, local clothes and shoes, islamic items,books (theres even a astore called "FNAC BERBER" funny!!) jewely, handicraft of all sorts. everything can actually be found over there. the old medina helds the museum of marrakesh. be careful during sunset time. take enough time to see some stores, get lost, talk to people and get out of medina before full dark night comes. may be hard, maybe not...never been there to check, but somefriends born in marrakesh told me they don't go there.
near the old medina and the market square: cutubia mosque. huge mesquita with astonishing calling tower. in the square restaurantes may have dangerous food. it's normal to et some stomach sixkness after some dinner in j'ma el fna. personally i never was sick. i always go to restaurant number one called aicha, named after the cooks name, fat lady, bossy and very very nice always smiling. in the morning instead of drinking orange juice in the hotel, try to go to the ones on the main sqaure also.number 6 is my favorite.
hope you have great time in marakesh.
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