China
Macao
The Historic Centre of Macao represents the early and long encounter between Chinese and European civilizations.
Macao was the first European enclave in Asia, starting with the arrival of Portuguese tradesmen in 1557. Over the years they developed Macao into one of the major trade ports in Asia - as a stopover on the route to Japan or as part of the Silk Route by sea. Both Western and Chinese roots are reflected in its architecture.
Community Perspective: It’s a well-preserved melting pot of architectural styles and full of vivid colours. Highlights include the Portuguese buildings at Guia Hill and the very old A-Ma Temple.
Site Info
Official Information
- Full Name
- Historic Centre of Macao (ID: 1110)
- Country
- China
- Status
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Inscribed 2005
Site history
History of Macao
- 2005: Name change
- Upon inscription, on the advice of ICOMOS: from "Historic Monuments of Macao" to "Historic Centre of Macao".
- 2005: Inscribed
- Inscribed
- WHS Type
- Cultural
- Criteria
- ii
- iii
- iv
- vi
Links
- UNESCO
- whc.unesco.org
All Links
UNESCO.org
- whc.unesco.org — whc.unesco.org/
Related Resources
- wh.mo — Macao World Heritage
News Article
- Sept. 11, 2020 macaunews.mo — UNESCO asked China for clarification on buildings near the Macao Guia Lighthouse
- June 15, 2016 macaunews.com.mo — Macau St Augustine’s Church roof repairs to cost 1 million patacas
- Feb. 12, 2016 macaubusinessdaily.com — A-Ma Temple altar closed until further notice following blaze
- Feb. 6, 2016 macaunews.com.mo — Collapsing wall damages Lou Kau Mansion in Macau
- Jan. 4, 2010 chinahospitalitynews.com — The first tourist bus between the two Chinese World Cultural Heritage destinations of Macau and Kaiping is now operating twice a day
- Aug. 15, 2008 macaudailytimesnews.com — Concern about Macao's Guia lighthouse conservation
- April 16, 2008 english.people.com.cn — The height restrictions imposed on high-rise buildings constructed in the surrounding areas of Macao's Guia Hill, where a World Heritage site is located, is "not enough" to keep the site's scenery intact.
- Dec. 5, 2007 news.bbc.co.uk — Riot police in China's enclave of Macau have been called in to calm mainland tourists angry they were being shown too many shops and not enough sites.
Community Information
- Community Category
- Archaeological site: Far Eastern
- Urban landscape: Colonial
- Urban landscape: Maritime
Travel Information
Guangzhou hotspot
Recent Connections
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Perfect Inscriptions
2005 -
Creative Cities
GastronomySee www.unesco.org
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Located in a TCC Territory
Macau
Connections of Macao
- Individual People
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Mapped or Illustrated by Blaeu
On top frieze of "Appendix Theatri A.Ortelii Et Atlantis G. Mercatoris"(1631 but map dates to 1617).See luna.folger.edu
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Lord George Macartney
Wed 15 Jan. Reaches Macao and stays at the Casa do Camoes "It is most delightfully situated and has a very pleasant romantic gardne adjoining it of considerable extent. The tradition of Macao says it was the habitation of the celebrated Camoes and that he here composed his Luciad" -
Matteo Ricci
1582 arrives and starts learning Chinese (Coinciding with building of Jesuit Cathedral of St Paul 1582 - 1602 now ruined)
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- Geography
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South China Sea
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Antipodes points
HISTORIC CENTRE OF MACAO=QUEBRADA DE HUMAHUACA N22 11 28.651 E113 32 11.26 = S23 11 59.5 W65 20 55.9 -
Pacific Ocean
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Dependent territories
Macau is a Special Administrative Region of China.
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- Trivia
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On Banknotes
2008 Bank of China Series: 10 patacas = A-Ma Temple 20 patacas = Façade of the ruins of Saint Paul's Cathedral 50 patacas = Dom Pedro V Theatre 100 patacas = Guia Lighthouse 500 patacas = Casa do Mandarim 1000 patacas = Legislative Senate -
Built or owned by Portuguese
Citadel of Sao Paulo do Monte, Guia Fortress -
Built or owned by Japanese
St. Paul: "The ruins now consist of the southern stone façade .. intricately carved between 1620 and 1627 by Japanese Christians in exile from their homeland" (Wiki) -
Reportedly haunted locations
"Calçada do Amparo, an alley located behind the Ruins of St. Paul's, is believed to be haunted by ghosts of overweight people who were killed during the Second Sino-Japanese War, during the period of severe food shortage in Macau. Guia Hill is said by believers to be haunted by hungry ghosts targeting joggers at night."See en.wikipedia.org
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- History
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Fusion
"unique testimony to the first and longest-lasting encounter between the West and China. ... The impact of this encounter can be traced in the fusion of different cultures that characterise the historic core zone of Macao." -
The British East India Company (EIC)
The Company established the Old Protestant Cemetery in 1821 " in response to a lack of burial sites for Protestants in the Roman Catholic Portuguese Colony" (Wiki)See en.wikipedia.org
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- Architecture
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Baroque
St. Joseph's Seminary Building and Church -
Manueline style
St Paul Church facade is considered as late Manueline influenced
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- Damaged
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Cultural sites damaged by fire since inscription
A-Ma Temple (Feb 2016)
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- World Heritage Process
- Religion and Belief
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Goddesses
Ama Temple for Goddess of the Sea -
Cathedrals
St Pauls (Ruined), Se Cat da Natividade de N Senhora -
Religious sites connected to fishermen
A-ma Temple was built by fishermen -
Confucianism
"Barra Square with the A-Ma Temple (15th century), an example of Chinese culture inspired by Confucianism,Taoism, Buddhism and folk beliefs. The temple is used especially during Chinese Spring Festival." - AB Document -
Taoism
"A-Ma Temple is one of the oldest and most famous Taoist temples in Macau. Built in 1488, the temple is dedicated to Matsu, the goddess of seafarers and fishermen." - wiki -
Jesuit Order
Saint Paul's Church
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- Human Activity
- Constructions
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Suspended cable cars
Cable Guia connects Jardim da Flora with Parque Municipal da Colina da Guia / 1997 / 80 secondsSee en.wikipedia.org
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Lighthouses
Lighthouse dating from 1865. It is the oldest Western-style lighthouse in Asia.
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- WHS on Other Lists
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Located in a TCC Territory
Macau -
Memory of the World
Official Records of Macao During the Qing Dynasty (1693-1886) (2017), Archives and Manuscripts of Macau Kong Tac Lam Temple (inscribed 2023) -
Creative Cities
GastronomySee www.unesco.org
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- Timeline
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Built in the 16th century
A-Ma temple was actually first built in 1488, however all other buildings are from the 16th century on. "Portuguese traders first settled in Macau in the 16th century" - wiki
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- WHS Hotspots
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Guangzhou hotspot
3h by direct bus, 80min by boat
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- Science and Technology
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Libraries
Sir Robert Ho Tung Library (1894)
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- WHS Names
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Name changes
Upon inscription (2005), on the advice of ICOMOS: from "Historic Monuments of Macao" to "Historic Centre of Macao".
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- 18
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Indiana Jones movie
Temple of Doom
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News
- macaunews.mo 09/11/2020
- UNESCO asked China for clarificati…
- macaunews.com.mo 06/15/2016
- Macau St Augustine’s Church roof r…
- macaubusinessdaily.com 02/12/2016
- A-Ma Temple altar closed until fur…
Recent Visitors
Visitors of Macao
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Community Reviews
Show full reviews
WHS#68
Macao is a true melting pot between the east and west. Everything, from its architecture of Baroque churches alongside Chinese temples to its road signs in Cantonese and Portuguese to its famous Macanese cuisine, exudes the true essence of fusion, and in the most colorful ways too. Just taking a taxi ride through its streets, the great variety of colors and styles of buildings was astounding to the eye and yearning to be explored. And don't forget to try all of the street food. Fish balls, dumplings, jerky, milk tea, and the renowned egg tarts are all available in the streets around the heavily touristed historic center. If you decide on a sit-down restaurant, be sure to try the many dishes of African, Indian, Portuguese, and Cantonese flavors. Okay, enough about food, let's talk history. Macao was one of the first European outposts in Eastern Asia, settled by the Portuguese and only given back to China in the 1990s. The great thing about it is that instead of the Portuguese culture, religion, and language wiping out that of the natives, both the colonial and local cultures have thrived there and are manifested in the historic center and its people today.
I went to Macao in May 2018 on a day trip from Hong Kong by ferry, which takes about an hour.
My first stop was Guia Fortress, some distance away from the historic center itself. It's up on a hill, and a vehicle can only take you …

As a first stop on my Asia trip I visited Macao. For centuries this was a Portugese colony and it shows in the town center with plenty of colonial houses and churches. In addition, there are also plenty of unique Chinese buildings and temples that are part of the inner city. This gives the town a unique Asian touch that its Indian counterpart in Goa does not have. And the site is well preserved, also unlike Goa. Personally, I felt more reminded of Panama. But maybe that was due to all the cars, casinos and skyscrapers Goa also prominently features.
Places of note for me were the Mandarin's house, the Robert Ho Tung Library and the mint green church.
Getting There
Most visitors will likely arrive from Hong Kong as a day trip by ferry. Tickets can be bought online and have to be exchanged at the ferry terminal. In Hong Kong you have multiple ferry operators offering the trip as well as multiple ferry ports to depart from. If you are staying in Kowloon as I did, departing from the ferry terminal in Kowloon might be the easiest option.
Most ferries go to Macao Outer Harbour. From there you can already see the Guia lighthouse and fortress. Most reviewers seem to have taken the cab to the city and if you are short on time that's probably recommended. In my case after a few detours I managed to walk to the lighthouse and from …
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I visited here on Christmas Day 2007.
If you are ever in Hong Kong, take a day to go and visit the Historic Center of Macau. It is to Portugal what Hong Kong was the British. It is less than an hour away by high-speed ferry, and there are boats leaving all the time. Modern Macau is the Asian Las Vegas, with many of the large Vegas hotels also now in Macau: MGM Grand, Sands, Wynn and the Venetian.
Historic Center of MacauSaveThe Historic Center of Macau is the old city set up by the Portuguese. The featured attraction is the facade of St. Paul’s Church which burned down in the 19th Century. There are also other historic buildings in the area, all within walking distance.
I visited Macau on Christmas day 2007 and got to taste Chinese treats such as pork floss and Portuguese items like egg custard.
Read more about the Historic Center of Macau on my website.
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I arrived in Macao at about 1pm and my ferry departure was scheduled for about 7:30pm. So with about 5-6 hours of exploring time, I set out with a very specific purpose to cover all of zone 1 of the Historic Centre of Macao. Always take the taxi to the historic centre first.
No need to rehash what's already been covered. I will point out there are additional temples besides A-Ma Temple that are also worthwhile, one example is pictured here. Also the Mooorish Barracks are quite stunning when you turn the corner while walking Macao's small streets.
Macao for me was quite fun, and I really enjoyed how walkable the entire zone one route is. I am glad I had the opportunity of 3-4 days in Hong Kong/Macao before making my way to Korea.
I was fully satisfied with Macao this second time. I first visited in the late afternoon in 2007, however with poor planning and time restraints I had failed to properly visit any of the Historic Centre. Macao remained as one of most frustrating "close calls" I've encountered on the world heritage list. Luckily, Macao is just a short ferry from Hong Kong, which WHS or not is always worth a visit.
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I visited this WHS in October/November 2013 and spent 3 days here. There are so many historic places to discover and not rushing to catch the ferry/flight to another place helped a great deal in appreciating the OUV of the series of sites in this inscription with much less crowds (especially in the morning and late afternoon/evening). The highlight of my trip was the A-ma temple apart from the obvious St. Paul Ruins and Guia lighthouse fort. There are Unesco signs everywhere making it very easy to visit on foot. Apart from the historic centre, Macao is a really cool place to visit being aslo a modern city in the making (construction frenzy!) and a gambling mecca!
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I visited Macao during the cold month of December. Suffice to say that I managed to visit all properties inscribed as its historic monuments. I stayed here for two days without being bored at all.
I agree to Ivan's assessment that Macao is largely a misinterpreted site. Beyond the picturesque Ruinas da Sao Paolo, not many tourists get to see the bigger picture that Macao offers (personally, I enjoyed a lot visiting these sites: Largo do Senado, Casa Mandarin, Lilau Square, A Ma Temple, and the Protestant Cemetery compound). Nevertheless, Macao's blend of the East and the West can best be seen through the various religious edifices it has - it is interesting how one Buddhist temple sits side by side a Christian church(in ruins).
Though Macao's monuments are at some distance to each other (the Guia Hill being the farthest), I still found going around Macao to be a very refreshing experience. For one, each of the monuments is truly a representative of unique cultural and historical testaments; thus, overlaps of values represented by each are hardly present. Secondly, the government has to be commended for doing an excellent (and colorful) job towards preserving their enduring gems. One can definitely see the tough dedication being forwarded there. However, I also noticed that there seemed to be an imminent problem that the sites will face in the next few years with their seemingly weak buffer zones and lack of proper urban planning and traffic management. Macao, after all, is rapidly …
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I visited the ancient Portuguese colony of Macau in November 2011. The historic center is really beautiful and presents a great testimony of what was a colonial city. Enjoy the beautiful Portuguese artworks, sometimes mixed with Chinese elements that make Macau unique in the world. The site consists of many buildings and among them; the most beautiful ones are the Senado square, the St Joseph Church, the ruins of Sao Paulo Church and the fortress. The Sao Paulo Church built during the 18th century burnt almost completely in 1835. Only the front façade has survived and is still very impressive.
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During my short visit to Hong Kong, I went to Macao, the former Portuguese colony in China and the Las Vegas of Asia, and I was really happy to revisit this city again. As I mentioned this trip was not my first time in Macao, in 2002, the first time I saw her, Macao was still a laid-back city, but in just eight years, Macao is become the dynamic city with load of fantasy buildings of international casinos!
While most of tourists come to Macao for its casinos or its WHS historic centre, the highlight of Macao for me is its food, and its gourmet heritage is the real reason to bring me back here. From the delicious African Chicken, crispy custard tart, unique papaya milk to great noodle and dim sum, make me want to come back again and again.
For WHS review, Macao colonial heritages is a nice place to visit, the ruin of St. Paul and Senado Square are the prime attractions, the street is full of many nice colonial buildings together with hundreds of Chinese tourists who will accompany you everywhere you go! While Macao is full of European buildings and feel of Mediterranean, Macao has its own special charm to remind you that this is Macao, not anywhere else, but just Macao and Macao only and that make Macao to be the fascinating place to come and taste!
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It was quite a journey to walk through each and every building that includes in the Heritage Sites, from A Ma Temple to Guia Fortress.
Most are churches with similar size, type and even color (yellow and grey)... yet it could deliver the 'ancient-ness' of the city. I love the atmosphere around The Ruin of St Paul. I believe it is best to be there early in the morning, and on weekdays to avoid over-crowd, as it will give you the sense of solitude when capturing the ruin's detail and taking some pictures..
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What a beautiful collection of photos of Macau! As a native of Macau, I am truly impressed by how well the essence of this small but lively city was captured. Growing up in Macau, I had always been proud of the various architectural styles found in this city.
If you have a chance to visit Macau, I highly recommend visiting the two outer islands, Taipa & Coloane. These islands are truly heavenly. The locals will definitely agree.
Thank you for sharing your traveling experiences with the world! I have finally found an awesome web site to surf when I am missing my hometown.
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After arriving from Hong Kong by ferry I thought I'd come to construction workers' heaven. Probably there still aren't enough luxury hotels and casinos in Macao. To avoid this overwhelming first impression, I would advise any first-time visitor to take a taxi or bus from the ferry to the historical center of town. Macao really is a nice place, if you know where to look.
I used the ICOMOS report on the inscription of Macao as a WHS as my guidebook. Many historical places, spanning the 16th to 19th century, can be found in Macao's historical center. This area (including a typical market square) is best explored on foot.
Guia Hill, the second zone of monuments, is situated in a residential district with some more fabulous colonial houses. A cable car can take you uphill, but I couldn't find it so I dragged myself up via the road. The small tourist information on the hill does a good job in providing an airconditioned room and has water and tissues for sale. Sure I'm not the only one who walks all the way up. The lighthouse and chapel are in good repair and did remind me a bit of Brazil (where the colonial Portuguese heritage is much more extensive).
It was already late in the afternoon when I arrived at my final destination: the A-Ma Temple. Or Ma Kok Miu in Cantonese, I discovered together with my taxi driver - don't expect everybody to speak English here. A …
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Finally, a long over-due recognition of one of Southern China's most historic yet misinterpreted gems!
Little Macao, a stone throw away from one of the world's most modern cities -Hong-Kong- is a city with a lurid reputation. Often branded as an Asian Las Vegas, the historic monuments of the city are ,for most part, simply a quick distraction from the glitzier casinos dotting the landscape. Not that the local tourist body isnt doing much, in fact, they have (IMHO) done a great job promoting and highlighting the city's cultural treasures.
Well, maybe the WHS listing can finally balance Macao's image as more than just a casino disneyland.
There's a wealth Portuguese architectural treasures in Macao, a city whose charming Iberian facade blends seamlessly with her age-old Chinese roots. For sure, it's a very touristy place especially in the heart of main square (Largo de Senado) but I would to think that thats heritage preservation economics in action. But wander off a little bit and its a world unto its own. Hilly streets open up to intimate pastel colored Iberian plazas, baroque churches, colorful Cantonese temples or busy alley ways that's so evocative of Old China. There's pobablly no other place in the world like it.
So after youve done the roulletes, go and explore Macao's churches, temples, plazas, houses and forts. For sure, it'll be million-dollar experience
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