France

Loire Valley

WHS Score 4.07
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2.0

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2.5

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The Loire Valley between Sully-sur-Loire and Chalonnes is a cultural landscape symbolic of human interaction with a major river.

It comprises historic towns and villages, great castles and cultivated lands, on a 200km long thin stretch along the river. The manmade features mainly trace back to the Renaissance and the Age of the Enlightenment. They include historic towns such as Blois, Orléans and Tours, and the Castle of Chambord, one of the most recognizable châteaux in the world.

Community Perspective: The area can be best explored by (rental) car, though John and Nan found buses and trains to several of its sights as well. The castles of Chenonceaux, Amboise and Chambord and the Fontevraud Abbey are among the highlights.  

Site Info

Official Information
Full Name
The Loire Valley between Sully-sur-Loire and Chalonnes (ID: 933)
Country
France
Status
Inscribed 2000 Site history
History of Loire Valley
1981: Revision
Inscribed as "Chambord". Later replaced by Loire Valley.
1999: Deferred
Deferred due "to the disturbing presence of the nuclear power plant"; 12 out of 19 WHC members voted to inscribe the site, where a 2/3 majority (13) was necessary
2000: Revision
Includes former TWHS Abbaye de Fontevrault; Saint-Benoit-sur-Loire; Chateau et domaine de Chambord; Chateau de Blois (1981)
2000: Inscribed
Inscribed
2017: Boundary change
To include the Estate of Chenonceau as minory boundary modification
2017: Revision
Incorporated former TWHS Chateau de Chenonceaux (1981-1994)
WHS Type
Cultural
Criteria
  • i
  • ii
  • iv
Links
UNESCO
whc.unesco.org
All Links
UNESCO.org
Related Resources
News Article
  • June 24, 2023 edition.cnn.com — French cave markings may be the oldest known engravings by Neanderthals
  • Dec. 29, 2016 travelandleisure.com — Chambord Is About to Get a $3.6-million Renovation

Community Information

  • Community Category
  • Cultural Landscape: Continuing
Travel Information
Ile-de-France Hotspot
Ile-de-France Hotspot
Orleans / Tours
Recent Connections
View all (55) .
Connections of Loire Valley
Individual People
  • Charles V
    visited the chateaus in 1539 on demand of the king of France
  • Painted by JMW Turner
    "Vue Sud-Est de Beaugency c1826-30"

    See www.tate.org.uk

  • Richard Lionheart
    Crossed Tours with his army
  • Joan of Arc
    Her first meeting with Charles VII took place at the Chateau de Chinon. "On 6 March 1429 Joan of Arc arrived at Château de Chinon. She claimed to hear heavenly voices that said Charles would grant her an army to relieve the siege of Orléans.While staying at the castle she resided in the Tour du Coudray. Charles met with her two days after her arrival and then sent her to Poitiers so that she could be cross-examined to ensure she was telling the truth. Joan returned to Chinon in April where Charles granted her supplies and sent her to join the army at Orléans" (Wiki)
  • Leonardo da Vinci
    Chambord: "There are suggestions that Leonardo da Vinci may have designed the staircase, but this has not been confirmed." (wiki); Was buried in the castle of Amboise and lived in the castle Clos-Luc.
  • Louis XIV
    Louis used Chambord several times for parties and hunting
Geography
  • Linear inscriptions
    described as "a 200-km linear cultural landscape along the Loire River between Maine and Sully-sur-Loire"

    See www.georgewright.org

  • Antipodes points
    NEW ZEALAND SUBANTARCTIC ISLANDS(Bounty island)=THE LOIRE VALLEY(Angers) S47 45 E179 03 = N47 23 56.004 E0 42 10.008
Trivia
History
  • Assassinations
    (Ch?teau de Blois) Henry I, Duke of Guise (December 23, 1588)
  • Located in a Former Capital
    Orleans (Part of Loire Valley), capital city of Merovingian kingdom of Orleans and later Duchy of Orleans
  • Treaties
    Treaty of Chambord 1552. in Chateau de Chambord
  • Carolingian Empire
    Oratoire carolingien de Germigny-des-Prés

    See fr.wikipedia.org

  • Second World War
    In 1939, shortly before the outbreak of World War II, the art collections of the Louvre and Compiègne museums (including the Mona Lisa and Venus de Milo) were stored at the Château de Chambord.

    See en.wikipedia.org

  • Neanderthals
    La Roche-Cotard cave: contains the oldest known engravings by Neanderthals. Also, an artifact resembling a mask possibly created by Neanderthals was found here. (wiki)

    See en.wikipedia.org

  • Depot for artwork during war
    "In 1939, shortly before the outbreak of World War II, the art collections of the Louvre and Compiègne museums (including the Mona Lisa) were stored at the Château de Chambord."

    See en.wikipedia.org

Architecture
World Heritage Process
Religion and Belief
  • Cathedrals
    Cathédrale Sainte-Croix d'Orléans; cathédrale Saint-Louis (Blois); cathédrale Saint-Gatien (Tours)
  • Nunneries
    Abbey of Fontavraud "founded in 1101 by the itinerant preacher Robert of Arbrissel. The foundation flourished and became the center of a new monastic Order, the Order of Fontevrault. This order was composed of double monasteries, in which the community consisted of both men and women—in separate quarters of the abbey—all of which were subject to the authority of the Abbess of Fontevraud." (Wiki) See -

    See en.wikipedia.org

Human Activity
Constructions
WHS on Other Lists
Timeline
WHS Hotspots
WHS Names
18
News
edition.cnn.com 06/24/2023
French cave markings may be the ol…
travelandleisure.com 12/29/2016
Chambord Is About to Get a $3.6-mi…
Recent Visitors
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Visitors of Loire Valley
Reserved for members.

Community Reviews

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First published: 25/12/19.

Nan

Loire Valley By Nan

Loire Valley (Inscribed)

Loire Valley by Nan

Even though I visited France as a kid on a yearly basis, I never made it to the Chateau de La Loire. It felt like a weird omission and in 2019 I decided to correct it. I flew into Nantes and took a day trip along the Loire to Chenonceau, Amboise and Saumur.

My first stop in the morning was Chenonceau. Technically Chenonceau is not on the Loire, but on a side branch. Therefore it was not originally included in the inscription. It was added in 2017. Without a doubt it's an iconic structure and taking the proximity to Amboise and the Loire into account, I have no objection that it was included. As pointed out by Hubert, the main gallery over the river is great. I also really enjoyed the surrounding gardens.

From Chenonceau, I walked to Amboise crossing several vineyards. I imagined following some French nobles footsteps as they went from their castle to a dinner in neighboring Amboise. In Amboise, I walked through the town and it was impressive. I did not have the time to visit the Chateaus, though.

My last stop was Saumur. Saumur is really different from the first two sites I visited. It's way less touristy and it's clearly less of a representative building and more of a defensive castle.

Of the three sites, Chenonceau is the clear highlight. I would assume only Chambord comes close or exceeds it. Amboise is more about the town, while Saumur is more …

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First published: 17/01/16.

Hubert

Loire Valley

Loire Valley (Inscribed)

Loire Valley by Hubert

Although the Loire Valley is most famous for its castles, nature and the beauty of the landscape make up a large part of the outstanding value of this WHS. The Loire is often referred to as the last wild river in Europe, which actually means that it is a free-flowing waters, no dams and locks affect the lower course of the river. However, “wild" was not our predominant impression when we stood on the river banks for the first time, a few kilometres behind Angers. The Loire has a wide bed and flows slowly and smoothly, but carries along large quantities of sand that build up sandbars and displace them again, so that the river constantly changes its appearance. There are only few boats on the river, mainly traditional fishing boats with low draught, no cruise ships and tour boats along the stretch of the WHS. It's a beautiful and scenic landscape, no surprise that the French monarchs built their castles in the Loire Valley.

A beautiful river landscape, very good and 'typical French' cuisine, the Château de Chambord - reasons enough to schedule a few days for this WHS. In total, we spent four days in the Loire Valley in August 2015 and we explored the entire stretch of the WHS from Angers to Sully-sur-Loire. We stayed one night in Saumur and three nights in Blois. In particular, Blois was a good choice, it has a charming town centre and we liked it better than Tours or Orleans.

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First published: 13/07/15.

Anonymous

Loire Valley

Loire Valley (Inscribed)

Loire Valley by Els Slots

As the other reviewers say, Chambord, Chenoncau and Amboise including Leonardo's house are amazing. In addition, Saumur is especially beautiful from the outside as a classic medieval castle painted in a famous book of hours from the Middle Ages. Loches is quite frightening, having been used as a prison after being a fortress. Its medieval town is atmospheric, too. Chinon is made up of the ruins of three castles of Eleqnor of Acquittaine fame that hang gorgeously over the quaint town. There are also fascinating ancient hermit caves at the top of Chinon's hill. Azay le Rideau has a magical atmosphere from the outside, encircled by water. Langeais is beautifully furnished and has a second, older ruined castle worth visiting behind the furnished one.

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First published: 14/05/13.

Clyde

Loire Valley

Loire Valley (Inscribed)

Loire Valley by Clyde

This WHS is a vast valley dotted with castles, forts, chateauxs, cathedrals, vineyards and good food. Perhaps the most visited is Chambord with the double helix stairway. I visited Amboise, Blois, Chenonceau, Azay le rideau, villandry, chaumont sur Loire. The entrance fees are quite expensive but I would suggest visiting different chateaux and not only Chambord, not only to avoid the crowds but also to better grasp the cultural value of this WHS.

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First published: 27/04/12.

Els Slots

Loire Valley

Loire Valley (Inscribed)

Loire Valley by Els Slots

I had been in doubt about doing a proper visit to the Loire Valley, or a quick one so I could take in another WHS (Bourges Cathedral) on the same day. Fortunately, I choose quality over quantity and made the trek from Paris all the way to Chambord, which takes up almost all day by public transport on a Sunday. There is exactly one train-train-bus combination, which got me at Chambord at 11.50 a.m. There are two buses back in the afternoon, plus trains once an hour.

Chambord was the original nominated site in 1981, and is the must-visit castle in this area. My bus from Blois drove along the Loire for the first 10 minutes, the first and last look that I would get on that river. It is wide, and its banks are dotted with stately homes and churches. It reminded me of the Upper Middle Rhine Valley, although there the river is less straight and its sides have more cliffs.

Arriving at Chambord, the castle almost looks small compared to the surrounding forest. The weather wasn’t that good, so I focused on getting inside the castle. There was quite a long and slow line, not very efficiently run by a site that must see thousands of visitors every day of the year. But after paying 9.5 EUR and picking up an audio guide (5 EUR), I got in and wasn’t bothered by crowds anymore from then on.

The Castle’s interior came as a big …

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First published: 08/05/10.

John Booth

Loire Valley

Loire Valley (Inscribed)

Loire Valley by john booth

Over the couse of three days I managed to visit 11 if the sites using a combination of trains and buses:

Chambord - (bus #18 from Blois) a huge but elegant structure set in spacious grounds. The frescoed ceilings were admirable as was the double circular staircase. But most interesting were the multitude of chimneys, turrets, dormers and other rooftop embellishments.

Cheverney - (bus #18 from Blois) smaller but equally elegant and a more colourful interior. Some nicely landscaped gardens too.

Blois - (train from Tours) interesting sculptures but not much else

Chinon - (train from Tours) more of a castle than a stately home. Took the lift from the town centre to the upper town and walked around the ramparts to reach the entrance. Great views of the Loire.

Azay Le Rideau - (train from Tours) a spartan interior but some interesting paintings and tapestries. Located on an island.

Saumur - (train from Tours, then bus #32 from the town centre up to the chateau) a castle built for defensive purposes.

Langeais - (train from Tours) a moat, drawbridge and keep, but very little else.

Orleans - a huge bronze statue of Joan of Arc

Chaumont - (train to Onzain, then walk across the bridge) an austere looking stately home.

Amboise - burial place of Leonardo da Vinci in the St Hubert chapel.

Tours - a small chateau by the river. Also interesting was the Museum of Compagnonnage (tradesmen and artisans) in St Julien's cloister

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First published: 16/07/08.

Philip T.K.

Loire Valley

Loire Valley (Inscribed)

Loire Valley by Philip T.K.

The best way to explore the "Val de Loire" is by private car and that's exactly what we did. Renting one from Paris, we spent a day and half exploring the valley. The road signs in France were excellent and it was much less of a hassle than we expected.

On the first afternoon, we visited Chambord which turned out to be my favorite chateau in the region. Surrounded by forest, it evokes images from childhood fairy tales. It is simply beautiful. From the top of the chateau, you can really see how isolated the place is. After it closed in the evening, my brother and I spent an hour rowing around the castle (highly recommended, it costed $11 for two) which really enhanced the experience. Any visit to the Loire without Chambord would be a shame. That being said, there are many other places worth visiting in this WHS.

After staying in Tours for the night, we visited the ruined castle at Chinon and Fontevraud Abbey, which contains several royals tombs such as Henry II of England and his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine among several others, for the morning. In the afternoon, we visited Amboise and Blois. Frederik Dawson has done a great job of describing the former so I don't think I need to go any further on that. Blois, on the other hand, is a nice chateau from the outside but I wouldn't recommend visiting the interior. Most of it is 19th century restoration and I was …

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First published: 26/09/06.

Frederik Dawson

Loire Valley

Loire Valley (Inscribed)

Loire Valley by Frederik Dawson

Watching the film Da Vinci’s Code made my Asian friends came to Europe to see all places, which related to Leonardo’s life. After their Leonardian pilgrimage in Italy, they came to Holland for tulip fields and invited me to join their trip to France’s famous Loire Valley. An offer I hardly refused as I wanted to see another world heritage site.

As the trip was mainly about Da Vinci, our destination was Amboise, the last home of this influential man. Amboise is a very beautiful town on the banks of the Loire with many pretty houses decorated with many flowers. The view from the north bank toward the south side is unbelievable as the beautifully chateau d’ Amboise perched on the hill above the whole town like a fairy tale. The exterior of the chateau is really nice and the interior also lovely with acceptable amount of furniture and interesting history. It is important to note that Chateau d’ Amboise is the first renaissance style chateau in France, so this place is quite important for architectural history. The Chateau also has lovely French style garden and nice chapel. This chapel was the main reason for this trip as the remains of Da Vinci were supposed to be here. The tomb of Da Vinci is just a plain white marble on the floor of the Chapel with some inscription, but for the fans’ emotion (my friends) this place was quite overwhelming.

Not only the chateau that has link …

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First published: 08/06/05.

Klaus Freisinger

Loire Valley

Loire Valley (Inscribed)

Loire Valley by Els Slots

There are, as far as I can see, four cultural landscapes in Europe featuring river valleys, and I'd say the most famous is the Loire Valley (the others are the Rhine Valley in Germany, the Danube Valley in Austria, and the Douro Valley in Portugal). An incredible mixture of history, architecture, and culture, it is worth visiting for any number of reasons, but the chateaux certainly beat all the others. They are all masterpieces of Renaissance (and partly Baroque) architecture, especially the famous castles of Chenonceaux and Chambord (the most beautiful of them, with the famous double staircase by da Vinci). Together with great historic cities such as Angers, Tours, Blois, and especially Orléans, the Loire Valley captures the essence of French history and culture and is definitely worth a visit (more visits really).

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First published: 01/05/05.

Anonymous

Loire Valley

Loire Valley (Inscribed)

Loire Valley by Els Slots

In 1999, rented a car with friends and toured around the Loire Valley as a day trip from Paris. Visited the main attractions (Chambord and Chenonceau) along with some lesser known chateaux. The views, both architectural and pastoral, were wonderful, but I think the highlight of the trip was enjoying several bottles of the local Sancerre wine over a lengthy lunch. Was certainly a worthwhile excursion.

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