South Africa

Fossil Hominid Sites

WHS Score 2.33
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0.5

  • Sachin
  • Szucs Tamas

1.0

  • Christoph

1.5

  • natlefebvre@hotmail.
  • Zoë Sheng

2.0

  • Clem C
  • Joyce van Soest
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  • Philipp Leu
  • Philipp Peterer
  • Thomas van der Walt

2.5

  • John Smaranda
  • Randi Thomsen
  • Svein Elias

3.0

  • Carlo Sarion
  • Els Slots
  • Gary Arndt
  • MaxHeAnouBen
  • Mihai Dascalu
  • Ralf Regele
  • Richardleesa
  • SirLoydd
  • Thomas Kunz

3.5

  • Bernard Joseph Esposo Guerrero
  • christine.mv
  • Monica Tasciotti

4.0

  • Alexander Barabanov
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5.0

  • Can SARICA

The Fossil Hominid Sites of South Africa comprise three groups of limestone caves where early hominid fossils have been found that contribute to the understanding of the evolution of humankind.

The findings include two different hominid species: Australopithecus africanus and Australopithecus robustus. Among the inscribed locations is the Taung Skull site, where in 1924 the first example of the Australopithecus africanus was discovered. The oldest fossils date to 3.5 million years ago. The oldest stone tools have been discovered here too, and the oldest evidence of controlled use of fire.

Community Perspective: As always, early hominid sites ask a lot from your imagination. Sterkfontein is the most accessible of the 3 locations, but a more intimate experience can be had at Makapang.

Site Info

Official Information
Full Name
Fossil Hominid Sites of South Africa (ID: 915)
Country
South Africa
Status
Inscribed 1999 Site history
History of Fossil Hominid Sites
1999: Inscribed
Inscribed
2005: Extended
To include Makapan Valley and Taung Skull Fossil Site ( former TWHS Makapan Valley (2003))
2013: Name change
From "The Fossil Hominid Sites of Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, Kromdraai and Environs" - to "Fossil Hominid Sites of South Africa"
WHS Type
Cultural
Criteria
  • iii
  • vi
Links
UNESCO
whc.unesco.org
All Links
UNESCO.org
Related Resources
News Article
  • July 15, 2024 theconversation.com — How old are South African fossils like the Taung Child? New study offers an answer
  • Oct. 23, 2023 amp.theguardian.com — Scientists in row over rare fossils flown into space
  • June 6, 2023 aljazeera.com — Scientists say world’s oldest-known burial site found in S Africa
  • Dec. 7, 2022 newscientist.com — Homo naledi may have used fire to cook and navigate 230,000 years ago
  • June 29, 2022 cnn.com — Early human fossils found in cave are a million years older than expected
  • Nov. 6, 2021 ctvnews.ca — Scientists find fossil of early hominid in South Africa
  • April 3, 2020 heritagedaily.com — Earliest known skull of Homo erectus unearthed at Drimolen
  • Nov. 1, 2017 iol.co.za — Upgrade for Maropeng visitors’ centre
  • Sept. 10, 2015 telegraph.co.uk — Homo naledi, a new species of human, discovered in a cave in South Africa
  • April 2, 2015 popular-archaeology.com — Sterkfontein Cradle of Humankind Caves Yield New Ancient Dates
  • Feb. 12, 2014 timeslive.co.za — Sterkfontein cave closed temporarily to allow for stability tests
  • Nov. 12, 2013 newswatch.nationalgeographic.com — Expedition Underway to Extract Latest Fossil Find From Cradle of Humankind Cave
  • April 3, 2011 timeslive.co.za — Acid won't dissolve Cradle heritage status
  • April 19, 2010 news24.com — Hundreds of people want to build shacks near the Sterkfontein caves at the Cradle of Humankind world heritage site, where a new hominid species was recently discovered
  • Dec. 5, 2007 iol.co.za — The Cradle of Humankind is under threat of being overrun by gun-toting, cold-blooded killers.

Community Information

  • Community Category
  • Paleontology: Human evolution
Travel Information
Guided Tour Only
Guided Tour Only
The caves can only be entered via a tour / local guide.
Recent Connections
View all (14) .
Connections of Fossil Hominid Sites
Individual People
  • Leakey Family
    Specimens were collected from the breccias at Kromdaai and sent to London for examination, but the bones were not extracted from them for over sixty years, when they were “rediscovered” by L S B Leakey. (AB ev)
History
  • Early Hominid Remains
    2.3-million year-old fossil Australopithecus africanus (nicknamed "Mrs. Ples")
  • Iron Age
    Makapan Valley - findings at Cave of the Hearths
  • Neolithic age
    Numerous sites spanning the Earlier Stone Age to Later Stone Age (nom file)
  • "Cave Man" sites
    "comprises a number of fossil-bearing cave deposits which are considered to be of outstanding universal value, because they encapsulate a superbly preserved record of the fauna, including an invaluable record of the stages in the emergence and evolution of humanity, over the past 3.5 million years."
Ecology
  • Fossils
    Fossils found in the many archaeological caves of the Makapan Valley have enabled the identification of several specimens of early hominids. .... Alongside and predating the hominid period of occupation is a sequence of fossil mammals, micro-mammals and invertebrates which provide a window onto faunal evolution, palaeobiology and palaeoecology stretching back into the Pliocene. (OUV)
  • Dripstone
    Taung Skull Fossil Site (nom file)
World Heritage Process
WHS on Other Lists
Timeline
  • Pliocene
    Sterkfontein geologically revealed the earliest record of hominid in southern Africa (close to 3.5 million years ago), Australopithecus africanus who lived between 2-3 million years ago in the Pliocene
Visiting conditions
WHS Names
  • Name changes
    From "The Fossil Hominid Sites of Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, Kromdraai and Environs" - to "Fossil Hominid Sites of South Africa" (2013)
News
theconversation.com 07/15/2024
How old are South African fossils …
amp.theguardian.com 10/23/2023
Scientists in row over rare fossil…
aljazeera.com 06/06/2023
Scientists say world’s oldest-know…

Community Reviews

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First published: 27/02/19.

Zoë Sheng

Fossil Hominid Sites

Fossil Hominid Sites (Inscribed)

Fossil Hominid Sites by Zoë Sheng

“Great, ANOTHER fossil site” I thought, as I planned my trip through ZA and mapped the WHS on my itinerary. This is one is so easy to access just at the outskirts of Joburg, within an hour from the airport (traffic sucked a little on that day, or any day?). There are tours every half an hour and I recommend arriving 20min before to use the toilet and go through the exhibition area before descending into the Sterkfontein cave. I hate to say this but the exhibition room is the best thing to see on this site. Fossils of early man found in the cave below and explanations of how homo sapien has evolved. A rather simple science lesson and nothing I hadn't been explained at all the other early man sites.

Once you are in the cave, after a brief explanation of a sun dial outside, the tour has really little to do with that anymore. A group of science students does come here once in a month to dig for more fossils but nothing has been found in years. Instead, you get more explanation about limestone and stalactites and mining operations. Interesting is that the remains of Mrs Little actually later were found to be of a young boy and the early sexist scientists just assumed that a small brain must belong to a woman!

Another interesting fact is that the rest of the site is on private land. When I asked if there are attempts …

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First published: 03/10/16.

Els Slots

Fossil Hominid Sites

Fossil Hominid Sites (Inscribed)

Fossil Hominid Sites by Els Slots

My two-week journey around eastern South Africa is going to be one of the obscure sites. This is partly inevitable, due to the remoteness or lack of tourism features of WHS like Mapungubwe and Vredefort Dome. But my first site of this trip is an obscure one by choice: for ticking off the Fossil Hominid Sites of South Africa, there is the easy option of the Sterkfontein Caves (close to Johannesburg). From what I gathered it’s a bit of a zoo, so I opted for one of the other inscribed sets of fossil hominid caves. Fortunately, there’s one about halfway on the road north between Johannesburg and Mapungubwe: the Makapan Valley.

The Makapan Valley was added as an extension to the Sterkfontein area in 2005. It is said to enrich the original nomination, with its long unbroken record of occupation (spanning almost the entire 3.5 million years) and the recovery of fossil fauna alongside. The location (notably the Cave of Hearths) was deemed “as good” in its own right as the Ethiopian Valleys of the Omo and the Awash. The hominid fossils found here are of the Australopithecus africanus and Homo heidelbergensis species.

Gaining entrance to the site proved not to be easy, especially while organizing it from abroad. I learned that the area can currently only be visited by appointment. The e-mail addresses that I found online turned out to be invalid, however. So I decided to just show up at the associated Arend Dieperink Museum in …

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First published: 23/08/10.

Anonymous

Fossil Hominid Sites

Fossil Hominid Sites (Inscribed)

Fossil Hominid Sites by Els Slots

I have been there, I don't live too far, and I must say, even though they show you fakes, in this country you cannot afford to let the real ones just be there.... but i must say it is as close as you can get to the real thing and all the extra first hand information about history that you can experience in a very futuristic way definitely makes it worth your while..

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First published: 18/12/08.

Anonymous

Fossil Hominid Sites

Fossil Hominid Sites (Inscribed)

Fossil Hominid Sites by Els Slots

I landed in Johannesburg hoping to see Ms ples and the escavation of little foot. little did i know that i had paid a fortune to see some plastic figures as i didnt even get to see a glimpse of the actual authentic fossils-although the caves and scenery was brilliant

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First published: 01/05/05.

Anonymous

Fossil Hominid Sites

Fossil Hominid Sites (Inscribed)

Fossil Hominid Sites by Els Slots

It is possible to visit the Sterkfontein caves but you have to find your own way to get there. They do tours of the caves for a nominal fee (tips are optional) but don't expect to see many fossils. The archeolocial digs were all closed off.

The caves are impressive and it is a good day out, considering the many unique private restaurants in the area. That way you could drive around the Highveld countryside enjoying some time away from the city bustle of Johannesburg.

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