Finland

Fortress of Suomenlinna

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The Fortress of Suomenlinna comprises military fortifications built on six islands to guard the entrance to Helsinki's harbour.

Suomenlinna was originally built in 1748 to withstand the Russians at a time when Finland was part of Sweden. It was designed by the Swedish Admiral Eherensvärd, who adapted Vauban’s theories to this specific terrain and built a fortress from local rock, fortified with a system of bastions. The Russians however managed to take over the fortress in 1808 and added their own constructions. Finally, in 1918 the Fortress became Finnish and in 1973 it ceased to have a military purpose.

Community Perspective: easily reached by a short ferry ride from Helsinki, nowadays Suomenlinna mostly means a relaxed day out for city dwellers. As people still live on the islands, it is not too open-air museum-ish.

Site Info

Official Information
Full Name
Fortress of Suomenlinna (ID: 583)
Country
Finland
Status
Inscribed 1991 Site history
History of Fortress of Suomenlinna
1991: Inscribed
Inscribed
WHS Type
Cultural
Criteria
  • iv
Links
UNESCO
whc.unesco.org
All Links
UNESCO.org
Related Resources

Community Information

  • Community Category
  • Natural landscape: Marine and Coastal
  • Secular structure: Military and Fortifications
Travel Information
Free entrance
Needs a Ferry
Needs a Ferry
15 mins from Helsinki by ferry
Helsinki Hotspot
Helsinki Hotspot
15-20 minutes by ferry

See www.suomenlinna.fi

Recent Connections
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Connections of Fortress of Suomenlinna
Geography
Trivia
Architecture
Damaged
World Heritage Process
Human Activity
Constructions
  • Prison
    There is a minimum-security penal labor colony (Finnish: ty?siirtola) in Suomenlinna, whose inmates work on the maintenance and reconstruction of the fortifications.
  • Lighthouses
    Suomenlinna has a unique church that was used as a lighthouse.
WHS on Other Lists
Timeline
  • Built in the 18th century
    The Swedish crown commenced the construction of the fortress in 1748 as protection against Russian expansionism
WHS Hotspots
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Visitors of Fortress of Suomenlinna
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Community Reviews

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First published: 06/04/25.

Andrew_Kerr

Fortress Of Suomenlinna

Fortress of Suomenlinna (Inscribed)

Fortress of Suomenlinna by Andrew_Kerr

A short ferry ride across the bay from Helsinki, Suomenlinna makes for a pleasant excursion from the Finnish capital.
Apart from the many fortifications there is quite a lot to see on the island, or, more correctly, islands as Suomenlinna is spread across 3 or 4 closely connected islands, joined by bridges.
Inside the fortifications there's a tranquil world of duck ponds, quaint houses, little inlets with boats and yachts moored and lighthouses. It's all very rural and a far cry from the city a few minutes away.
The views back across the bay to the city are worth the trip too.
I did find that the best views of the islands are from the Helsinki - Tallinn ferry that sails very close to the iconic, Kings Gate, the main entrance to the old military fort.
Not much more to add, not a destination that would warrant a purposeful trip but something to do if you are in the vicinity.

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First published: 09/03/23.

Jakob Frenzel

Fortress Of Suomenlinna

Fortress of Suomenlinna (Inscribed)

Fortress of Suomenlinna by Jakob Frenzel

January 2023 - Just after arrival in Tallinn in the morning, we left our luggage at the hotel next to the harbour and went rightaway to the ferry to Helsinki. We booked Eckeröline which is fairly cheap when booking a return that same day. At approx 2 pm we entered the skerries of Helsinki, one of them in the distance was Suomenlinna.

Of course that was not enough for a tick, thus first thing we bought a dayticket, took the tram to tuomiokirrko and walked the few meters to the line taking us over to Suomenlinna. The views of early sunset, the islets and ice floating on the baltic where one of the most magnificent impressions I ever had at the Baltic. We took advantage of the last sunbeams that day discovering the southern tip of the snow covered island. I can warmly recommend to come here in winter, and there is even a brewery in the Island. Except from Fortress buildings, there are some stereotypical wooden sheds and a toy Museum. 

2 hours later we took the ferry back to the city and still had a long nice evening drinking Beer, Shopping Moomins, watching Ice Hockey and eating finish liquerice.

After 10 PM the ferry went back to Tallinn, where we arrived early enough to theoretically still enjoy nightlife in Tallinn. But we just fell asleep and really enjoyed breakfast next morning.

Note: the photo is not Soumenlinna itself, but taken from the ferry

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First published: 01/09/13.

Frederik Dawson

Fortress Of Suomenlinna

Fortress of Suomenlinna (Inscribed)

Fortress of Suomenlinna by Frederik Dawson

Eight hours transit at Helsinki Airport was a perfect chance for me to discover Finland's capital and the nearby World Heritage Site, Fortress of Soumenlinna. Unknown that today was a public holiday when I reached the city center, I was very surprised that the whole city was very quiet, and few shops were opened. I wandered around to see the city landmarks and walked to the port to catch a ferry to Suomenlinna. The port area was unexpectedly cheerful and packed with tourists and locals, most of them were waiting for ferry to the fortress. The ferry was quite frequent; after waiting for 15 minutes, I boarded the ferry and left Helsinki behind. The view of Helsinki Bay was only OK with typical Nordic landscape with a lot of nice wooden houses but nothing spectacular like Stockholm or Saint Petersburg.

The first view I saw on Suomenlinna was a bastion fortification system on the island with many buildings behind and a flag of Finnish Navy. The ferry stopped at a pink tower gate that also served as a lighthouse and clock tower. After the gate the first building I saw was a church, a church was quite unique that its tower was also a lighthouse. Then I saw many brick buildings that served as museum, library, café etc. There also was an area that similar to fisherman village with lovely pier. I crossed the bridge to another island; actually, the fortress was located on many islands. The building on …

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First published: 10/08/10.

Tony H.

Fortress Of Suomenlinna

Fortress of Suomenlinna (Inscribed)

Fortress of Suomenlinna by Squiffy

You have to visit Suomenlinna "the Gibraltar of the North" when you're in Helsinki. But if you're visiting Helsinki in winter then you can leave it out because everything is under snow and it can be very cold on these windy islands. Ferry ride offers nice views to Helsinki (and the ferry is not free!). Fortress offers scary tunnels, big cannons and beautiful views to the sea and the city. Be there in the evening when the big cruise ships to Stockholm leave and past the islands (best place to watch this is the area near the King's gate). Remember that Suomenlinna is not just a museum area. There are about 800 inhabitants living on the islands and parts of them are still owned and used by military so respect their privacy! Suomenlinna has a grocery store, day care center, outdoor theatre, church, cafes and restaurants.

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First published: 15/06/05.

Klaus Freisinger

Fortress Of Suomenlinna

Fortress of Suomenlinna (Inscribed)

Fortress of Suomenlinna by Squiffy

No visit to Helsinki, which is by the way a very beautiful and charming capital that too often gets overlooked, would be complete without the short boattrip to Suomenlinna. The harbour is beautiful, and the huge ferries passing by are very impressive as well, and on a sunny day it's surprisingly easy to catch a sunburn there (I speak from experience..) Even though I have to admit that Suomenlinna is not that great and important from a historical point of view, it does offer many interesting things to see and do, and many locals use the place to relax (even though Helsinki isn't really all that stressful). If you like ships, boats, and water in general, Suomenlinna is perfect, as is one of the many boattrips offered that take you around the harbour area.

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First published: 01/05/05.

Anonymous

Fortress Of Suomenlinna

Fortress of Suomenlinna (Inscribed)

Fortress of Suomenlinna by Squiffy

The fortress island is a fine example of 18th century fort building and presents a relaxed day out. You can catch the free municipal ferry just off the fishmarket in Helsinki and enjoy views of the archipelago before disembarking on the island. The island feels strangely rural with a small post office and general store, emphasising the virtual isolation the islanders must feel in winter.

You could join the Fins enjoying a swim in the Baltic or explore the parks, museums, cannons and fortress walls all over the linked islands. Try to be there when the ferry to Stockholm passes between the narrow gap between two of the Suomenlinna fortress walls!

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First published: 13/06/01.

Els Slots

Fortress Of Suomenlinna

Fortress of Suomenlinna (Inscribed)

Fortress of Suomenlinna by Els Slots

Fifteen minutes by boat from Helsinki Harbour gets you to Suomenlinna. The Helsinkians seem to favour it as a leisure park: to picnic, lie in the sun and drink a lot of alcohol.

For the curious visitor, there's a lot to see though. The Suomenlinna Museum shows a good documentary about the history of the island. It's also a lovely island by itself: the fact that about 900 people still live here permanently gives it an extra edge and takes it beyond an open-air museum.

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