Mexico

Chichen-Itza

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The Pre-Hispanic City of Chichen-Itza comprises the archaeological remains of a city built by the Maya-Toltec civilization.

Originally a Classic Mayan city, it boasted monuments in the Puuc-style. In the 10th century, Toltecs migrated here from Central Mexico and their architectural style blended with that of the Maya. From this period date the Caracol observatory, the Great Ball Court, and the Temple of Kukulkan.

Community Perspective: This sees high numbers of tourists and all is fenced off nowadays so you cannot get close let alone climb anything. It’s best to visit early in the morning. Allow some 3 hours to see it all.

Site Info

Official Information
Full Name
Pre-Hispanic City of Chichen-Itza (ID: 483)
Country
Mexico
Status
Inscribed 1988 Site history
History of Chichen-Itza
1988: Inscribed
Inscribed
WHS Type
Cultural
Criteria
  • i
  • ii
  • iii
Links
UNESCO
whc.unesco.org
All Links
UNESCO.org
Related Resources
News Article
  • March 21, 2023 theartnewspaper.com — New museum planned for ancient Mayan complex Chichén Itzá
  • Feb. 12, 2023 reuters.com — At Mexico's Chichen Itza site, researchers discover ancient 'elite' residences
  • Jan. 5, 2023 washingtonpost.com — Handicraft vendors block roads to Mexico's Chichen Itza ruin
  • Nov. 21, 2017 eluniversal.com.mx — Passageway to cenote beneath Kukulcan Temple possibly found
  • Nov. 18, 2016 phys.org — Mexican experts say original pyramid found at Chichen Itza
  • Aug. 17, 2015 theguardian.com — Subterranean river discovered beneath Mexico's Chichen Itza ruins
  • Aug. 30, 2013 theartnewspaper.com — Chocolate museum being built at Chichen-Itza and Uxmal

Community Information

  • Community Category
  • Archaeological site: Pre-Columbian
  • Cultural Landscape: Continuing
Travel Information
One million visitors or more
One million visitors or more
Chichén Itzá was also Mexico's top archaeological site in 2023, with 2.33 million tourists, …
Recent Connections
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Connections of Chichen-Itza
Individual People
Trivia
History
  • Fusion
    "The fusion of Mayan construction techniques with new elements from central Mexico make Chichen-Itza one of the most important examples of the Mayan-Toltec civilization in Yucatán"
  • Mayan culture
    "Chichen-Itza is the most important archaeological vestige of the Maya-Toltec civilization in Yucatan (10th-15th centuries)." (crit iii OUV)
Ecology
Architecture
World Heritage Process
Religion and Belief
  • Holiest place
    Although the Mayan religion was in general decentralised, Chichen Itza was its largest centre and the most significant pilgrimage site in the Mayan states
  • Prophecies
    According to Maya chronicles (e.g., the Book of Chilam Balam of Chumayel), Hunac Ceel, ruler of Mayapan, conquered Chichen Itza in the 13th century. Hunac Ceel supposedly prophecized his own rise to power. According to custom at the time, individuals thrown into the Cenote Sagrado were believed to have the power of prophecy if they survived. During one such ceremony, the chronicles state, there were no survivors, so Hunac Ceel leaped into the Cenote Sagrado, and when removed, prophecized his own ascension.
  • Feathered serpent
    " El Castillo served as a temple to the god Kukulcan, the Yucatec Maya Feathered Serpent deity closely related to the god Quetzalcoatl known to the Aztecs and other central Mexican cultures of the Post Classic Period .......The pyramid consists of a series of square terraces with stairways up each of the four sides to the temple on top. Sculptures of plumed serpents run down the sides of the northern balustrade. During the spring and autumn, the late afternoon sun strikes off the northwest corner of the pyramid and casts a series of triangular shadows against the northwest balustrade, creating the illusion of a feathered serpent "crawling" down the pyramid" (Wiki) See

    See en.wikipedia.org

Human Activity
Constructions
  • Passage of the Sun
    "El Castillo appears to be oriented so that the west plane of the pyramid faces the "Zenith passage". Thus at the spring and fall equinoxes (and for a week before and after) as the sun sets, a play of light and shadow creates the appearance of a snake that gradually undulates down the stairway of the pyramid. This diamond-backed snake is composed of seven or so triangular shadows, cast by the stepped terraces of the pyramid"
  • Baths
    Steam bath
  • Pyramids
WHS on Other Lists
Timeline
Science and Technology
  • Underwater Archaeology
  • Astronomy and Astrology
    El Caracol: "The structure, with its unusual placement on the platform and its round shape (the others are rectangular, in keeping with Maya practice), is theorized to have been a proto-observatory with doors and windows aligned to astronomical events, specifically around the path of Venus as it traverses the heavens." (wiki)
18
News
theartnewspaper.com 03/21/2023
New museum planned for ancient May…
reuters.com 02/12/2023
At Mexico's Chichen Itza site, res…
washingtonpost.com 01/05/2023
Handicraft vendors block roads to …
Recent Visitors
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Visitors of Chichen-Itza
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Community Reviews

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First published: 29/01/25.

Carl Le Boeuf

Chichen-Itza

Chichen-Itza (Inscribed)

Chichen-Itza by Carl Le Boeuf

I took a family cruise in 2024 and stopped at the port of Cozumel, Mexico. I didn’t think I was going to be able to go to the Chichen-Itza ruins, so I didn’t do the research ahead of time. However, at the last minute, I was able to break away and signed up for an excursion. First and foremost, you should definitely NOT try to see this wonder on a cruise ship schedule. It took two and a half hours to travel each way by ferry and van. I was only at the site for a little over an hour and it was very rushed. I did have a guide that was very knowledgeable but was more interested in up selling his friends relics.  

I was blown away at the location, the pyramid El Castillo is astonishing, and I feel blessed to have been able to walk the grounds. The feathered Serpent on the Pyramid was my favorite, the acoustics on the site were a surprise and shocking, and the fun information was how the Mayans used amber to view the sun in their astrological studies (I had to buy an amber disc as a memento). The Temple of the Warriors, Group of the Thousand Columns, Venus Platform, the Tzompantili (skull platform), and the Ball Court were impressive, and the carvings were everything I had envisioned. Our guide was able to show us and let us handle a rubber latex ball that was used in the games, he claimed …

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First published: 16/12/21.

Eric

Chichen-Itza

Chichen-Itza (Inscribed)

Chichen-Itza by Eric

Based on previous reviews here, I initially thought I would stay at a nearby accomodation with a "private" entrance allowing to be earlier. Unfortunately, it seems that this private entrance has been closed in the last months due to Covid. So I chose to stay in Valladolid instead and drive early to be at Chichen Itza at the opening at 8am. I arrived at 8.05am and was not the only one who had that idea as I had to wait for about 20 minutes to buy the ticket. The entrance price has increased in the recent years. In November 2021, an adult ticket costs 533 Pesos, and I had to pay 80 Pesos for the parking.

Fortunately the site is so large that it didn't feel crowded inside, and there is still nobody on most of my pictures. There were still several areas of the archeological park where I was alone, like the observatorio and the Grupo de Las Monjas. Those areas, with the skull platform, were actually my favourites areas. Of course, the pyramid and the other areas are interesting as well. The Great Ball court size is truly impressive !

All the hawkers also arrived in the park after 8am, and they were not fully set up before 10ish, so I suspect the large groups arrive later. The complete tour of the site, going everywhere on my own (no guide) took me about 3 hours. I am not sure it was my favourite Mayan site, but …

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First published: 30/11/20.

Dennis Nicklaus

Chichen-Itza

Chichen-Itza (Inscribed)

Chichen-Itza by Dennis Nicklaus

I visited Chichen Itza in 2003 with my family, when you could still climb on and in the El Castillo pyramid. It's very enjoyable and iconic, I guess, but it is not my favorite ancient Maya site. I've visited a couple dozen different of the ancient cities around Mexico and Guatemala so far. While Chichen Itza is large and there is a lot to see, especially the impressive Ball Court, I prefer several others ahead of it. I think my main complaints against CI are that it is over-touristed and has relatively little historic "atmosphere". My feelings are also probably tainted a little bit by the fact that we hired one of the official guides there for our tour, and he was not very good. It bothers me that it was selected as the representative "new 7 wonders" site, seemingly mostly because tourists can hit it as a day trip from Cancun. Sites I'd recommend over CI include definitely Tikal, Calakmul, Palenque, even nearby Uxmal, and probably a couple others. It is worth it as an easy trip from Cancun, but if it gets you excited about the ancient Maya, recognize that there are even more impressive places, where you can have a lot more fun climbing on the major pyramids still.

 

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First published: 10/08/20.

Frederik Dawson

Chichen-Itza

Chichen-Itza (Inscribed)

Chichen-Itza by Frederik Dawson

Originally, I planned to visit this world-famous site two times in two days, first day in the evening and next day early morning in order to avoid the hoard of visitors, as a result I chose to stay in a hotel that located next to the historical park with special separate entrance that open before and close after official time. Unfortunately, because of terrible car accident, instead of arrived around midday, I arrived the hotel around midnight! I managed to wake up and went to the entrance, after some argument with an officer on my tiny camera tripod which he insisted that it was prohibited, I was quite sleepy when I was standing next to the famous El Castillo, the iconic site of Chichen Itza. The step pyramid temple was indeed really beautiful and photogenic while bigger than I anticipated. I spent my time relaxing around the pyramid almost alone with few gardeners, it was a great experience to enjoy the world class monument without any tourist, sadly such peacefulness lost only 45 minutes.

Then I moved my attention to see the countless rows of column of Templo de los Guerreros and felt depressed when I saw the infamous sacrificial altar. After seeing many ceremonial platforms around El Castillo, I found myself alone again at Gran Juego de Pelota, funny I saw the iconic stone ring then my mind was full of story of ancient football as in the documentary before abruptly ended that the losing team …

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First published: 09/06/18.

Shannon O'Donnell

Chichen-Itza

Chichen-Itza (Inscribed)

Chichen-Itza by Shannon O'Donnell

Chichen Itza is the most iconic site in the Yucatan Peninsula for a reason—it's memorable. It's also incredibly well preserved and an easy place to wander and begin to understand the Maya civilization. I traveled there once solo, and then on a family road-trip with my nephews and they loved the grand scale of Chichen Itza, it impressed them in a way that nearby Tulum did not. Perhaps it was the shady paths that made it feel more like the ruins of an ancient city, but they could really imagine that this was once a place people lived and worshipped. 

Most memorable on both visits is the Grand Ball Court. Not only did the acoustics and the story of the sports played there impress me on my first visit, but it was the story that my nephews also most remember in the months and years after our visit. Dating to 600 A.D., the Maya had sometimes brutal games, and guides in Chichen Itza describe that the losers of the most popular game—Pitz—faced decapitation. 

There's just enough scale and drama at Chichen Itza to captivate even the youngest visitors, and it's an absolute must visit site for any travelers, including families. Since we were on a road-trip of the Yucatan Peninsula, we were seeing a lot of things, but also trying to make each day interesting. One hit was that we went to Cenote Dzitnup after Chichen Itza. It was a hot day and using this as the …

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First published: 22/03/16.

Clyde

Chichen-Itza

Chichen-Itza (Inscribed)

Chichen-Itza by Clyde

I visited this WHS in January 2016. I always wanted to visit Chichen Itza, one of the New 7 Wonders of the World, and I chose to visit it for my 30th birthday and to celebrate my 300th WHS milestone. The absolute highlight and most famous Mayan monument is the Kukulkan Pyramid and I visited at sunset and after sunrise for the best light for photography. Sunset is still crowded when compared to other Mayan sites. The best time for quieter visit is first thing in the morning. I parked my rental car 100 metres away from the parking lot which was still empty when I arrived. That way, I avoided the short queue of cars waiting 8 o'clock sharp for the parker to grant access to the parking lot! Instead I went straight to the ticket booth and at 08:05 I was alone in front of the magnificent Kukulkan Pyramid. Having visited the day before at sunset, I knew that the sun would be facing the other side of the pyramid opposite to the main entrance so I went straight there. I had this side for myself till around 08:25. After I took a zillion pictures I visited the other main structures worth visiting, mainly the altars, the ball court, the observatory, the little iglesia, the sculpted columns, the skull platform and the sacred cenote. By 10:30am I was back to the main entrance (I had spent hours visiting at leisure the day before!) and the queue was never-ending! …

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First published: 04/09/15.

Tom Livesey

Chichen-Itza

Chichen-Itza (Inscribed)

Chichen-Itza by Els Slots

I went to Chichen-Itza on 13.0.1.0.11 [Mayan calendar], or 7th December 2013 [Gregorian calendar].

El Castillo at Chichen Itza is one of those sites that – even if its name is not as well-known as the Statue of Liberty, the Taj Mahal or Christ the Redeemer – is instantly recognisable from films and photographs to people the world over. I was fortunate enough to be able to tag along with my Dad (an airline pilot) on a three-day trip to Cancún in Mexico over Christmas, and so we had to take the chance to pop on a bus to Chichen Itza.

On the way our bus stopped at a place called Cenote Zaci, which is a combined sinkhole, tequila museum and silver trinket shop, where we got lunch too.

After the sinkhole we were driven on to Chichen Itza, where we were told to expect 50,000 other tourists. The guide was, I think, deliberately trying to lower our expectations for some reason. In the event, the site had been quite well managed, so that it did not feel particularly busy at all once inside the ancient city.

I was a little skeptical about how real all of the stuff is at Chichen Itza. That is not to say that it has been wholly fabricated, but that some of the buildings and carvings look almost new, and I suspect they may have been subject to some ‘interpretive restoration’ (there are parts places with concrete all over them).

Still, it is a …

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First published: 22/01/14.

Els Slots

Chichen-Itza

Chichen-Itza (Inscribed)

Chichen-Itza by Els Slots

I stayed overnight at the Mayaland Resort, right next to the archeological site of Chichen Itza. This gives you the advantage to start exploring it from 8 a.m., well before the busloads of tourists arrive from the coast. The resort actually uses another entrance to the site than the main entrance, another bonus to beat the crowds. A handful of other hotel guests and I made it in at around 8.10 a.m., as we had to wait for the ticket guy to unpack, prepare for the day and wait for his counterpart from the Yucatan state. The entrance fee of 188 pesos (ca. 10 EUR) is split over two authorities, so you have to pay twice when you get in and this means two jobs for ticket sellers too. The process is a bit cumbersome for a site that is as highly visited as this one, as is the use of odd numbers for the entrance fee (it’s actually 49 + 129, so you pay 50 and get 1 back, and then pay 130/150 and get change from that too).

Then follows just a short stroll to the main “plaza” of Chichen Itza. Fortunately, the slow start at the gate did not mean I had to photoshop the people out of my pictures – maybe a dozen tourists or so were walking around this large area. It felt quiet for the whole first hour or so, and that’s enough to see the central zone. Around 8.30/9.00 the first hawkers …

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First published: 01/04/12.

Thibault Magnien

Chichen-Itza

Chichen-Itza (Inscribed)

Chichen-Itza by Thibault Magnien

The ancient Mayan city of Chichen Itza is located in the Yucatan peninsula. The place was the major religious centre of the area. Experts explain the presence of the city on this place by the existence of natural wells (Cenotes) allowing the supply of water in an area where water in a scarce resource.

The main elements of the site consist of the great pyramid of Kukulcan (el Castillo), the astronomic observatory (El Caracol), the field in which people were playing a ball game whose stakes were to have the honor of being sacrificed, the sacred Cenote where sacrifices were done and the one-thousand-columns building.

The great pyramid, 1000 years old, is 30 meters high and has been designed to create certain effects; for example, on the north-east stairs, the clapping echo becomes a sound looking like the flight of the quetzal (local bird). The total number of steps around the pyramid is 365, which indicate a link with the solar calendar.

This pre-Columbian city is a great testimony of Mayan civilization and its people's way of life several millenniums ago.

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First published: 15/08/08.

Anonymous

Chichen-Itza

Chichen-Itza (Inscribed)

Chichen-Itza by Els Slots

It's a transcendent experience. In 1997 we took the road from Cancun to visit this site. The road was long but interesting with the jungle hugging up against the roadside on both sides. The road just cutting a narrow line through it. I remember it being a straight journey too, no turns or twists. You get there, you park and (then anyways) you really can't see the ruins yet. You have to walk through this trail through the jungle. The whole time you hear rustling on either side of you and you barely catch glimpses of running iguanas. It was wonderful and surreal. Finally the trail ends and the jungles opens up into a massive clearing and there is the grand complex and the huge pyramid looming before you. I will never forget it. When you climb to the top of the pyramid (as you could then) you look around and all you see is green jungle for miles around, forever. The landscape in the Yucatan peninsula is very flat so that beautiful green goes on for what seems like an eternity. Breathtaking. Definately walk the path from the pyramind to the gorgeous cenote at the other end. As your walking it imagine your walking the same steps the priests took centuries before as they made their way to it to drop in their offerings of gold, jewels, and sometimes even a person or two as tokens of veneration to their gods. You just have to see it.

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First published: 04/03/06.

Zack Culvert

Chichen-Itza

Chichen-Itza (Inscribed)

Chichen-Itza by Els Slots

Really scary coming down the pyramid, I remember from 10 years ago. The ballcourt should not be missed, nor the acoustics of the court, where you can hear people speaking from a football field away.

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First published: 09/10/05.

Philip T.K.

Chichen-Itza

Chichen-Itza (Inscribed)

Chichen-Itza by Els Slots

I visited Chichen Itza on a day tour from Cancun during the summer of 2005. It is extremely hot so remember to bring a hat! After an hour of listening to my guide with two dozen other sweating people, we were given one hour free time to explore on our own. I spent a large part of that hour waiting in line to go inside the pyramid and I must say I was very disappointed. There was nothing to see inside except for a jaguar throne and it was actually hotter inside the pyramid than outside of it! After that disappointed experience, I had just enough time to climb up and down the pyramid before I had to return to the tour bus. Overall, I very much enjoyed my visit and you should definitely go visit it if you are in the area.

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