Hungary

Budapest

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Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue, holds a number of influential constructions from the Middle Ages to the late 19th century.

The capital city of the former Kingdom of Hungary and the Austro-Hungarian Empire absorbed a series of European artistic, architectural and technological influences. This can be seen in the medieval Buda Castle, the Parliament at the Banks of the Danube and Andrássy Avenue with the Underground Railway.

Community Perspective: Budapest has so much to offer that you can easily spend several days here. Highlights named by reviewers include the setting at the Danube, the Cathedral of St Stevens, Gellert Bath, Rudas Bath, Liszt Music Academy, and St Matthew Church.

Site Info

Official Information
Full Name
Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrassy Avenue (ID: 400)
Country
Hungary
Status
Inscribed 1987 Site history
History of Budapest
2021: Advisory Body overruled
ICOMOS had advised on In Danger listing due to large-scale reconstruction projects in the Buda Castle Quarter
2003: Name change
From "Budapest, the Banks of the Danube and the Buda Castle Quarter" to "Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue"
2002: Extended
To include the Andrássy Avenue and the Millennium Underground Railway
1987: Inscribed
Inscribed
Type
Cultural
Criteria
  • ii
  • iv
Links
UNESCO
whc.unesco.org
Official
Related
All Links
UNESCO.org
Official Website
Related Resources
News Article
  • 29 Jul 2025 bloomberg.com — Budapest’s Most Historic Site Gets a Controversial Rebuild
  • 30 May 2019 kfgo.com — Seven South Koreans dead, hope dims for missing in Budapest boat disaster
  • 7 May 2008 caboodle.hu — The removal of part of a 15th century wall for the construction of an underground parking garage could threaten the Buda castle's status as a WHS

Community Information

  • Community Category
  • Urban landscape: Medieval European
  • Urban landscape: Post-medieval European
Travel Information
Budapest hotspot
Recent Connections
View all (76) .
Connections of Budapest
Individual People
Geography
Trivia
History
  • Celtic history
    Aquincum was originally a Celtic settlement
  • Built in connection with an Anniversary
    The Underground (“Metro”) along Andrassy Avenue is titled the “Millennium Line”. “it was inaugurated on May 2, 1896, the year of the millennium (the thousandth anniversary of the arrival of the Magyars), by emperor Franz Joseph”. (Wiki) At the far end of the Avenue lies Heroes Sq (Hősök tere) “The central feature of Heroes' Square….. is the Millennium Memorial…..Construction began in 1896 to commemorate the thousandth anniversary of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin and the foundation of the Hungarian state in 896, and was part of a much larger construction project which also included the expansion and refurbishing of Andrássy Avenue and the construction of the first metro line in Budapest” (Wiki)
  • Habsburgs (Austrian)
    Budapest Castle, residence of the Hungarian Habsburg branch
  • Sieges and Battles
    The Siege of Budapest or Battle of Budapest was the 50-day-long encirclement by Soviet and Romanian forces of the Hungarian capital of Budapest, near the end of World War II. During the siege, about 38,000 civilians died through starvation or military action. The city unconditionally surrendered on 13 February 1945. It was a strategic victory for the Allies in their push towards Berlin.

    See en.wikipedia.org

  • Cold War
    Budapest saw students marching to the Parliament Building to protest the Communist regime during the Hungarian Uprising of 1956. This uprising was quickly quelled, and Soviet tanks entered Budapest, protecting the Parliament Building and other key sites.
  • Queens and Empresses
    Habsburg Empress Maria Theresa built the Buda Castle as the symbol of peace and friendship between the dynasty and the Magyar.
  • Located in a Former Capital
    Buda on several occasions
  • Ancient Roman colonies
    Aquincum
  • Coronation Locations
    Matthias Church
  • Ottoman Empire
    Kiraly, Racs, Rudas Baths
Ecology
Architecture
Damaged
  • Controversial museum plans
    Budapest Museum Quarter, a proposed new cultural and tourist site to be located on Andrássy út

    See en.wikipedia.org

  • Damaged in World War II
    During the retreat, Germans blew up all the bridges over the Danube. The whole city was destroyed during the two-month-long siege of Budapest (1944-1945). ... more than 80 percent of its buildings destroyed or damaged, with historical buildings like the Hungarian Parliament Building and the Castle among them. All seven bridges spanning the Danube were destroyed.

    See en.wikipedia.org

World Heritage Process
Religion and Belief
  • Legends and Folk Myths
    Gellert Hill - St. Gerard (Gellert) was killed by the pagans during the great pagan rebellion in 1046. He was put in a barrel and rolled down into the deep from the top of the hill.
  • Jewish religion and culture
    Medieval synagogue on Buda hill
Human Activity
  • Crown Jewels
    The Crown Jewels of Hungary are on display in the Parliament building
  • Tramways
  • Thanatourist destination
    House of Terror at Andrássy út 60

    See www.atlasobscura.com

  • Changing of the Guard ceremonies
    Ceremony performed daily at noon at Buda Castle (Sandor Palace); guard change performed daily every hour on the hour at Buda Castle (Sandor Palace).

    See budacastlebudapest.com

  • Communism
    Statue of Liberty at the Gellert Hill

    See en.wikipedia.org

  • Siemens AG
    Siemens AG built the Millenium Underground.

    See www.urbanrail.net

  • Invention of sweets and pastries
    (1) Dobos torte, "a Hungarian sponge cake layered with chocolate buttercream and topped with caramel". "The layered pastry is named after its inventor, Hungarian chef József C. Dobos, a delicatessen owner in Budapest. Dobos torte was first introduced at the National General Exhibition of Budapest in 1885" (2) Esterházy torta, invented by Budapest confectioners in the late 19th century. The "torta consists of buttercream spiced with cognac or vanilla, sandwiched between four and five layers of almond meringue (macaron) dough. The torte is iced with a fondant glaze and decorated with a characteristic chocolate striped pattern" (wiki)

    See en.wikipedia.org

Constructions
  • Zero Mile or Kilometer Markers
    Is located at Clark ?d?m t?r (Adam Clark square), at the Buda abutment of Chain Bridge, below Buda Castle. It is marked by a 3m high limestone sculpture.
  • Large squares
    Heroes' Square 18000 m2
  • Historical Cafés
    Budapest (Gerbeaud 1858, Ruszwurm 1824)
  • Music Academies
    Liszt Music Academy
  • Notable Hotels
    Gellert Hotel, built in Art Nouveau style and famous for its thermal baths
  • Tunnels
    Underground Railway 1893-6
  • Sphinx
    Opera

    See www.flickr.com

  • Hospitals
    "Hospital in the Rock" WWII hospital built into the caves under Buda Castle. Used later during the 56 rebellion and as a nuclear bunker.

    See www.sziklakorhaz.hu

  • Equestrian Statues
    the leaders of the 7 Magyar tribes as part of the Millennium Memorial in Heroes Sq (1900). Also Stephen I (1906 -Fisherman's Bastion), Prince Eugene of Savoy (1900 -Buda Castle), Francis II Rakoczi (In front of Parliament Building). Artur Gorgey Palota ut/Toth Arpad setany. Leader of 1848 revolution
  • Tomb of the Unknown soldier
    Heroes Sq (Included in Andrassy Ave extension). Although often referred to as a "tomb"it is in fact a Cenotaph "dedicated "To the memory of the heroes who gave their lives for the freedom of our people and our national independence." (Wiki)
  • Notable Bridges
    Széchenyi Chain Bridge, the first permanent bridge across the Danube in Budapest (1849) - "It has asserted an enormous significance in the country's economic, social and cultural life, ... It became a symbol of advancement, national awakening, and the linkage between East and West." (wiki)

    See en.wikipedia.org

  • Railways
    Continental Europe's first underground railway
  • Baths
    Gellert, R?c and Sz?chenyi baths
  • Theatres and Opera Houses
    Opera, Burg Theatre
  • Sites of Parliament
    The Hungarian Parliament Building is the seat of the National Assembly of Hungary

    See en.wikipedia.org

  • Monumental Columns
    Millennium Monument - "also translated Millennium Monument or Millennial Monument). Construction began in 1896 to commemorate the thousandth anniversary of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin and the foundation of the Hungarian state in 896,"
  • Funiculars
    Budapest Castle Hill Funicular (opened 1870, 75m length): It links the Adam Clark Square and the Széchenyi Chain Bridge at river level to Buda Castle above.

    See en.wikipedia.org

  • Historical Organs
    The oldest organ and the only one to survive antiquity was recovered in Aquincum
WHS on Other Lists
Timeline
  • Built in the 19th Century
    Large parts of the inscribed area were constructed in the 19th century - the Bridge (1849) , the Parliament (1884-1904), the Andrassy Avenue area (1872-85 ) and the underground (1893-6)
WHS Hotspots
Science and Technology
WHS Names
  • Once named after Stalin
    Andrássy út was called "Sztálin út" (it was originally named in 1885 after the main supporter of the plan to build it, Prime Minister Gyula Andr?ssy)
  • Named after Adolf Hitler
    Korond square was renamed Adolf Hitler square under the rule of Horthy
  • Name changes
    the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue added (2003)
Literature & Film
News
bloomberg.com 29/07/2025
Budapest’s Most Historic Site Gets…
kfgo.com 30/05/2019
Seven South Koreans dead, hope dim…
caboodle.hu 07/05/2008
The removal of part of a 15th cent…
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