Sweden
Birka and Hovgarden
Birka and Hovgården are archeological sites that are a testimony to the wide-ranging trade network established by the Vikings.
Birka was an important harbour until the 10th century. It also was the site of the first known Christian congregation in Sweden. The site includes remains of a fortress, ramparts of a town wall, traces of harbours and thousands of burial mounds. Hovgården has both Viking and medieval remains, comprising of a church, a brick palace, several burial mounds and a harbour with a runic inscription. Hovgården was the site from where kings and chieftains ruled the area.
Community Perspective: They are located about 30 km west of Stockholm on the small islands of Björkö and Adelsö. Birka can be reached by tourboat from Stockholm (the guided tour is recommended, but the 2h boat journey is long and the tour is overpriced), while Hovgården requires a car ferry and your own transport. At both, “not much is left to see”.
Site Info
Official Information
- Full Name
- Birka and Hovgården (ID: 555)
- Country
- Sweden
- Status
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Inscribed 1993
Site history
History of Birka and Hovgarden
- 1993: Inscribed
- Inscribed
- WHS Type
- Cultural
- Criteria
- iii
- iv
Links
- UNESCO
- whc.unesco.org
All Links
UNESCO.org
- whc.unesco.org — whc.unesco.org/
Related Resources
- raa.se — Birka och Hovgarden
- birkavikingastaden.se — World Heritage Birka
- vikinganswerlady.com — Link
News Article
- July 1, 2022 icenews.is — Swedish world heritage site finds remains of Viking shipyard
- Jan. 31, 2017 heritagedaily.com — Major Viking Age manor discovered at Birka
Community Information
- Community Category
- Archaeological site: Viking
- Secular structure: Residence
- Human activity: Agriculture
Travel Information
Stockholm hotspot
Recent Connections
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Perfect Inscriptions
1993 -
Writing systems
Runic script -
Free entrance
Connections of Birka and Hovgarden
- Geography
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Isostatic Rebound
The trading post of Birka was established in mid 8th century AD and was abandoned around late 10th century. "The reasons for Birka's decline are disputed. A contributing factor may have been the post glacial rebound which lowered the water level of M?laren changing it from an arm of the sea into a lake and cut Birka off from the nearest (southern) access to the Baltic." (Wiki) -
Notable lakes
At Lake Malaran
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- Trivia
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Cultural sites taking up an entire island
The map of this site in the AB review seems to show that the entire island of Bjorko is inscribed.
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- World Heritage Process
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Perfect Inscriptions
1993
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- Religion and Belief
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Introduction of Christianity
The earliest known Christian congregation in Sweden was founded there in 831 by St Ansgar. A german monk (later to be canonized), he had gone there in 829 from Denmark, where he had been sent by the Emperor Louis the Pious to evangelize the Danes. His successful mission is recorded in the Vita Ansaari written shortly after his death in 865 by his successor, Rimbert.
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- Human Activity
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Sea Ports
Birka -
Viking settlements
"Birka is one of the most complete and undisturbed examples of a Viking trading settlement of the 8th to 10th centuries." (OUV) -
Writing systems
Runic script
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- Constructions
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Tombs
Archibishop Unni's Tomb -
Dynastic Burial Places
Hovgarden
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- Timeline
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Built in the 8th century
The town Birka was founded in the 8th century
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- WHS Hotspots
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Stockholm hotspot
About 2h by bus to Hovgarden
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- Science and Technology
- Visiting conditions
News
- icenews.is 07/01/2022
- Swedish world heritage site finds …
- heritagedaily.com 01/31/2017
- Major Viking Age manor discovered …
Recent Visitors
Visitors of Birka and Hovgarden
- AC
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Community Reviews
Show full reviews
It is possible to take the commuter train to Södertälje, and then a few steps to the steam ship Eidern that goes to Birka once a day in the summer months. 350kr return for adults, 160 for under 18yrs.
Birka itself is mostly a green grassy field, an archeological site. The buildings, forts, and ships are reconstructions of Viking artefacts.
If the weather is bad, you will not enjoy the site. If it is a glorious summer day and you bring a picknick and enjoy the boat ride you will have a nice visit.
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I visited this WHS in July 2018. The day before my visit, the boat which took me to Drottningholm was berthed next to another one which was fully packed with people (mostly children) heading to Birka. In the summer months, not only does the island of Birka and its museum cater mostly for children but they charge an arm and a leg for it (almost 50 euros for a return trip) in what seems like an overpriced tourist trap. For those who still want to visit Birka in the summer months, a cheaper alternative at around 30 euros is to catch the daily ferry at 11:30 from Hovgarden but you'll only be allowed slightly more than 3 hours as the ferry back to Hovgarden is at 14:45.
Initially I had planned to cover both islands, Birka and Adelso, which is why I left Drottningholm for a separate visit (it's really easy to combine the palace with Hovgarden if you have a rental car), but after the noisy crowds I saw departing from Stockholm to Birka during my stay, I decided to call it a day after Hovgarden. After an early departure from Stockholm, I reached the free unmanned ferry point which departs every half hour and takes only a couple of minutes to get you and your car on the island of Adelso.
Once you reach the island, brown signs with the unesco symbol show you the way to the Hovgarden church and burial mounds, together with several …
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Visited September 2016.
I have visited only Birka as a half day organized boat tour from Stockholm city hall pier. The trip itself was pretty nice but a bit too long – 2 hours one way. As there’s nothing to do on the boat, it is a good time to read or just enjoy the sunny weather – if it’s sunny of course.
Birka is not a very big archaeological site and, as stated in other reviews, not many things to see – just hundreds of burial mounds and some stone walls rising just a metre or less from the ground. The small museum is included in the tour, although most of more interesting artefacts are displayed in the Swedish History Museum in Stockholm.
We had a one hour guided tour around the island, and the guide was really great! We walked through the mounds and heard the story of Vikings, their everyday life and conquests, their rituals and beliefs. He gave us many info about what was excavated and found in the graves, how their defensive system looked like and what their feared. The tour ends at the rock with a cross commemorating German archbishop Ansgar who came here in 9th century to serve German traders living in Birka.
The biggest value of this inscription (together with Hovgården where the so-called king might have been residing, one of the biggest mound was discovered there) is that was probably the first proto-urban Viking settlement. The amount of burial mounds and …
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As World Heritage Traveller I have visited over 250 UNESCO-sites in the world. But in my hometown there are also 3 sites to see, that tells the story of three historic periods in Swedens capital Stockholm. This film covers the viking town Birka that flourished between the 800s and the late 900s.
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As with many other reviewers here we visited only Hovgarden, which proved to be an enjoyable out of the way idyll, even if the actual remains weren't especially spectacular.
After a quick free trip on the car ferry we headed to the site. Just in front of us was a guide in Viking dress conducting a tour in Swedish, we were too far away to hear anything, but it did highlight to us the route we should take around the grassy mounds. There were a few small boards dotted around to help interpret the green lumps and stones in front of us, but to be honest there wasn't really much to grab me. It was a nice stroll, especially when we got down to the waterfront and found there was a little boat going over to Birka, however the cost and amount of time required for the return boat quickly ruled it out.
We had a quick look inside the church, which was everything you would expect from a small Scandinavian church; pleasant, calm acres of white surfaces. Then that was about it, we headed back to the small café/ library and sat in the mid-summer sun, trying to acquaint ourselves with the distinctly Nordic "treat" of salt liquorice ice cream. Then we headed off for a quick drive around the island whilst we killed time before the ferry arrived.
It was a pleasant and idyllic way to spend a morning in the warm sunshine, however I don't feel that …
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I only visited Hovgarden, which is located on the calm island of Adelsö. This can only be reached by a car ferry. The ferry runs every half hour all day, and even on a Saturday afternoon, I found it wasn't too busy. The ride is free, as well as the entrance to the archaeological site.
The Hovgarden part of this WHS comprises a few rune stones, burial mounds and the remains of a palace (only part of a wall is still visible). They lie in the center of Hovgarden town. It's a nice stroll through the fields, and information is posted along the way. From on top of the hill where the palace stood, there are good views on the surrounding lake and Björkö (for Birka).
The walk ends at the medieval Adelsö Church, a lovely small romanesque construction. Inside there are runic stones too, but unfortunately, I couldn't get in as a wedding service was going on. So after about an hour I ended my visit and took the ferry back.
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There is only a handful of WH sites associated with the Vikings, and the major reason for this seems to be that they just didn't leave that many traces. Their buildings were made of wood, so the major Viking remains are runestones and burial mounds. These are also what you can see in this site, spread over 2 islands in Lake Mälar, just outside Stockholm. Birka, on the island of Björkö, is only reachable by boat, and there is a daily excursion boat leaving from Stadshuset. The island includes a decent museum with many findings (although most are in Stockholm museums), and the guided tours take you to the major burial mounds and modern additions (a chapel and a large cross dedicated to St. Ansgar, who - unsuccessfully - tried to bring Christianity to Birka). Birka was a large trading post in its heyday, and one of only a handful of Viking-age cities. The king, however, resided in Hovgarden, on the island of Adelsö, just a short boat ride away. I wasn't really sure how to include this in my travel plans, but in the end, it was pretty easy. Just 30 minutes after the boat to Stockholm left, another boat made the trip to Adelsö, and I could explore the site on my own. There are burial mounds there as well, plus a few scattered runestones, which I didn't see in Birka. So I think both islands are worth a visit, even if the bus trip from Adelsö back …
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I visited Hovgaden on Adelso Island by #312 bus from Brommaplan T-bana station. There is a daily ferry from Hovgaden to Birka, but as its departure is not co-ordinated with any bus arrival I didn't go there. From other's reports, I didn't miss much. I did see the island in the distance from the Hovgaden fortress site, and found some inscribed runic stones near the Adelso church.
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I first visited the Viking village of Birka and Hovgården on the small islands of Björkö and Adelsö in Lake Mälaren during a school excursion in 1969 when I was only 7 years old. And similar to later trips in my life I have always used the tourboats that departs from the Town Hall in central Stockholm to approach the islands, a journey that continues to be an immensely popular day-trip for both Swedes and foreigners, visiting Stockholm in the summer..
And summer it has to be, since it is only possible to visit Birka on the island of Björkö from June to August. During the winter you can still visit Hovgården through a quite complicated and time-consuming bus ride from Stockholm but don’t bother with this unless you are manically into Swedish Viking remains.
Birka dates back to the 8th century when a Swedish King (name unknown) founded the city of Birka on the island Björkö. Foreign merchants made their way here from near and far and in its heydays more than 700 people lived and worked here. By the end of the 10th century, Birka’s position as trade center was taken over by nearby Sigtuna and Björkö was abandoned.
The advice for the first time visitor is to keep your expectation low. Don’t expect to find a full-fledged Viking town on Björkö. The truth is rather that there are actually NO visible remains from the Viking age on either Birka or Hovgården apart from the thousands and thousands …
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