Australia
Australian Fossil Mammal Sites
The Australian Fossil Mammal Sites Riversleigh and the Naracoorte are superb illustrations of the key stages of the isolated evolution of Australia's unique fauna.
Riversleigh has fossil remains of ancient mammals, birds, and reptiles of the Oligocene and Miocene ages, when the habitat changed from humid rainforest to dry forest. The Naracoorte Caves are more recent. Here, holes opened up creating traps for the unwary mammals and other land creatures. Fossils include those of Australian ice age megafauna.
Community Perspective: Almost all reviewers visited Naracoorte, which is the most accessible in southern Australia. The focus here is on Victoria Fossil Cave, for which you need to take part in an (educational) guided tour. John has covered Riversleigh as well.
Site Info
Official Information
- Full Name
- Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh/Naracoorte) (ID: 698)
- Country
- Australia
- Status
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Inscribed 1994
Site history
History of Australian Fossil Mammal Sites
- 1994: Inscribed
- Inscribed
- WHS Type
- Natural
- Criteria
- viii
- ix
Links
- UNESCO
- whc.unesco.org
All Links
UNESCO.org
- whc.unesco.org — whc.unesco.org/
Related Resources
- environment.gov.au — World Heritage Places - Australian Fossil Mammal Sites
- nprsr.qld.gov.au — About Riversleigh
- environment.sa.gov.au — Naracoorte Caves
News Article
- Sept. 28, 2022 theconversation.com — Study finds famous Australian caves are up to 500,000 years older than we thought - and it could help explain a megafauna mystery
- Feb. 29, 2020 abc.net.au — New genus of Australian lion discovered in Queensland's Riversleigh World Heritage fossil site
- Aug. 27, 2016 ibtimes.co.uk — Fossil of mysterious miniature marsupial lion discovered in Riversleigh
- May 29, 2016 sciencedaily.com — Remains of bizarre group of extinct snail-eating Australian marsupials discovered
- May 16, 2014 dailymail.co.uk — World's oldest sperm found in Riversleigh
- March 19, 2014 uq.edu.au — Palaeontologists unearth rare 15-million-year-old bilby
- Nov. 5, 2013 theconversation.com — Fossil of giant platypus unearthed in Riversleigh
- June 2, 2013 business-standard.com — 20 million-year-old extinct koala species discovered at Riversleigh
- May 3, 2012 au.news.yahoo.com — Australia had tree-climbing sheep-sized marsupials - fossils found at Riversleigh
- April 23, 2011 zeenews.com — Palaeontologists claim to have discovered fossils of lizard-like, snail-eating, hammer-teeth marsupials in an ancient fossil field in the Riversleigh World Heritage area
- July 17, 2010 npr.org — Scientists have discovered a cave filled with 15-million-year-old fossils of prehistoric marsupials in Riversleigh, a rare find that has revealed some surprising similarities between the creatures and modern-day kangaroos and koalas
- March 22, 2007 abc.net.au — The skeleton of an extinct Madtsoiid snake was found at the Riversleigh World Heritage Area in north west Queensland. It's an exciting specimen because it has an almost complete skull - which is the most informative part of the skeleton.
Community Information
- Community Category
- Paleontology: Non-hominid fossils
Travel Information
Guided Tour Only
Recent Connections
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Perfect Inscriptions
1994 -
Lagerstätten
Riversleigh "recognised for the series… -
Guided Tour Only
Naracoorte: Victoria Fossil Cave is by …
Connections of Australian Fossil Mammal Sites
- Trivia
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Furthest distance apart
Riversleigh and Naracoorte are approx 2012kms/1250 miles apart
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- Ecology
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Lagerstätten
Riversleigh "recognised for the series of well preserved fossils deposited from the Late Oligocene to the Miocene" and Naracoorte (Quaternary) "series of caves that preserve numerous pleistocene megafauna, like Thylacoleo" (Wiki)See en.wikipedia.org
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Dripstone
Naracoorte Caves has a great variety -
Fossils
These fossil deposits are outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history, including the record of life. (OUV, crit viii, ix)
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- World Heritage Process
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Perfect Inscriptions
1994 -
Reduced from broader TWHS
Originally a third fossil site, Murgon, was part of this serial nomination. It was rated of a lesser quality than the other two, and omitted from the definitive nomination.
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- Timeline
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Oligocene
The older fossils occur at Riversleigh, which boasts an outstanding collection from the Oligocene to Miocene, some 10-30 million years ago. The more recent story then moves to Naracoorte, where one of the richest deposits of vertebrate fossils from the glacial periods of the mid-Pleistocene to the current day (from 530,000 years ago to the present) is conserved. (Nom file) -
Middle Pleistocene
The older fossils occur at Riversleigh, which boasts an outstanding collection from the Oligocene to Miocene, some 10-30 million years ago. The more recent story then moves to Naracoorte, where one of the richest deposits of vertebrate fossils from the glacial periods of the mid-Pleistocene to the current day (from 530,000 years ago to the present) is conserved. (Nom file)
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- Visiting conditions
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Guided Tour Only
Naracoorte: Victoria Fossil Cave is by guided tour only. Riversleigh D can be done on your own.
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News
- theconversation.com 09/28/2022
- Study finds famous Australian cave…
- abc.net.au 02/29/2020
- New genus of Australian lion disco…
- ibtimes.co.uk 08/27/2016
- Fossil of mysterious miniature mar…
Recent Visitors
Visitors of Australian Fossil Mammal Sites
- Alexander Parsons
- Argo
- c82wc1
- Cheryl
- ChrisN
- Clem C
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- Daniela Hohmann
- Els Slots
- Emilia Bautista King
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- Erik Jelinek
- Fan Yibo
- Frederik Dawson
- Gary Arndt
- Guy00
- Hammeel
- Jan Zimmermann
- Jarek Pokrzywnicki
- Jean Lecaillon
- Jeanne OGrady
- Jens
- João Aender
- Joel on the Road
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- Michiel Dekker
- Mihai Dascalu
- Naim Y
- Nicole Lampos
- Pascal Cauliez
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- Risson
- Robin Frank
- Roman Bruehwiler
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- Sergio Arjona
- Shandos Cleaver
- SHIHE HUANG
- Tamara Ratz
- Tango
- Thomas Buechler
- Thomas van der Walt
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- tony0001
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Community Reviews
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Most visitors to this site only visit the Naracoorte site, which is at the southern end of Australia with the Riversleigh Site up in North. I visited the Naracoorte site in Oct 2021 with my wife. Visiting Naracoorte was an easy visit via hire car with a number of caves and sites to visit which was quite interesting. The Riversleigh site is a lot more out of the way and very much less awe inspiring. If you only wish to visit one of the sites to tick this UNESCO site off, I suggest Naracoorte. Riversleigh though was a nice adventure for myself and my son in April 2022 and it provided us an opportunity to visit a lesser travelled area and region. The site itself lacks a lot of visitor information and consists of a small walk around the fossil site area.
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I visited this WHS in January 2018, focusing on South Australia's only WHS - Naracoorte Caves National Park. I had prebooked online (32 dollars) to secure a place for the Victoria Fossil Cave guided tour at 14:15 (it takes roughly 1 hr). If there are any palaeontologist geeks who would like to invest more time (and money!) there's also a WH tour to Victoria Fossil Cave and Blanche Cave to also visit research areas not usually seen by the general public.
After a long drive from the Great Ocean Road (at least you 'gain' 45 minutes if driving from the state of Victoria), we parked at the Wonambi Fossil Centre. Here we collected our tickets, and got a brief visual introduction of some fossils and how the megafauna must have looked like by doing the self-guided walk through a simulated forest and swampland geared mostly at entertaining children. There are several information boards displaying inscription on the WH list just next to the entrance and the only cafe and toilet facilities available around. We drove again to the Victoria Fossil Cave (some 2-3km away) to meet our guide. Even though the number of people visiting the cave at any one time is capped to 25, it felt a bit too crowded at times. The temperature inside the cave is a constant 17 degrees Celsius so it's not too bad and a welcome change from the outside heat.
Apart from a few rather ordinary cave features, the highlight of the cave …
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Similar to most of reviewers, I only visited Naracoorte component of this World Heritage Site as part of my Great Ocean Road trip from Melbourne to Adelaide. I chose Penola, a lovely small town with fine food and nice red wine of the well-known vineyards of Coonawara as my base to visit this fossil caves national park. Before the visit it is highly recommended to check the website of the national park for tour schedule and buy the limited ticket, I saw many tourists came without this preparation and found no tour available. I arrived the tourist center 1 hour before my booked tour to register. The biggest attraction on the ground level is the big, cute statue of Diprotodon, an ancestor of wombat and Koala bear.
From the tourist center, I had to drive to the entrance of Victoria Cave and wait for the ranger with the less of almost 30 tourists. The tour could easily divide into 2 parts, the normal cave tour with lovely stalactites and stalagmites, and the fossil bed tour. I was quite surprised to see that actually the cave was quite beautiful, better than my original idea. Maybe originally the caves have pretty low ceiling so the formation of dripstones here are easier. It was quite fascinating to see how much earth they had to dig out in order to make passageway for tourists without crawling the low ceiling. Too bad that the quality of dripstone could not compare with other famous World …
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This year I visited the Northern part of this WHS : Riversleigh, Qld. The site is scattered over a large area, but section D is where some important finds have been made.
The finds however are not here, but have removed for study and processing to the Outback on Isa Museum in Mount Isa. They are readily accessible in the Riversleigh section, soaking in acid to remove some of the encasing limestone. This work is only in its infancy, and much is left to be discovered.
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Some of the Premier Stateliner buses travelling between Adelaide and Mount Gambier stop at the township of Naracoorte. Others travel along the coast. The caves are some 14 kms distant from the township, but I managed to enlist the assistance of the Visitor Information office to arrange transport.
My visit coincided with tours of the Alexandra Cave, as well as the Wonambi cave full of mock-ups of prehistoric animals based on the skeletons found at the site.
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When driving from Southern Australia's capital Adelaide direction the Great Ocean Road, the Naracoorte Caves are only a small detour, but surely worth the gazoline.It puts you back into times half a million years ago;you can visit the various caves on guided tours that leave on certain times during the day.Its all on their website.We opted for the Victoria Fossil Cave and were not disappointed.Not only were there beautiful rock formations, stalacmites etc., but our guide/palaeontologist was very knowledgeable.
We were told that inside the caves tens of thousand of specimens representing about 93 vertebrate animals have been collected.Ranging from the Tasmanian Devil to wallabies, extinct mammals and even turtles.
Most of them fell down into holes of the cave's ceilings and could not escape.It is Australia's largest fossil deposit in terms of volume in a single site.
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I visited the southern half of this serial nomination: Naracoorte Caves. It is located 10km south of the town of Naracoorte, some 5 hours drive from Melbourne. Quite a remote location – but it does see its fair share of visitors. There were about 40 other cars in the parking lot when I arrived there on a weekday afternoon. Be aware: the caves are located in the state of South Australia, which has a half an hour time difference from eastern states like Victoria (it’s half an hour earlier here than in Melbourne).
Visits to the most interesting caves are guided tours only. They conduct several of them during the day. Most popular is the Bat tour, where you can watch the large bat population. However, I had arrived just in time to join the Fossil tour. This takes you into Victoria Fossil Cave, the one cave that has earned Naracoorte its WH status.
This Cave is 1.5 km away from the Visitor Centre. It’s a limestone cave about 500,000 years old. It has a variety of dripstone features, and it holds the first fossil bed found at Naracoorte. Later on, they discovered more of them, in other caves too. The animals got trapped here after they had fallen through holes in the surface. The fossil bed is as big as an Olympic swimming pool. It still has a lot of bones in it. The skeletons of two of the most impressive species found here have been put …
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