Greece

Acropolis

WHS Score 4.26
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The Acropolis, Athens holds a group of monuments that have been influential from Antiquity to Neo-Classicism.

The striking complex of monuments is situated on a hill that dominates Athens. Starting as a fortress, it gradually became a cult site for the city goddess Athena. A building programme in the 5th century BCE resulted in the architectural masterpieces of the Parthenon, the Propylaia, the Temple of Athena Nike and the Erechtheion.

Community Perspective: Classical Greece at its best. The lower slopes and the New Acropolis Museum are outside the core zone, but well worth additions to a visit.

Site Info

Official Information
Full Name
Acropolis, Athens (ID: 404)
Country
Greece
Status
Inscribed 1987 Site history
History of Acropolis
1987: Revision
Reduced from former TWHS Athens (1985)
1987: Inscribed
Inscribed
WHS Type
Cultural
Criteria
  • i
  • ii
  • iii
  • iv
  • vi
Links
UNESCO
whc.unesco.org
All Links
UNESCO.org
Related Resources
News Article
  • Aug. 6, 2023 yahoo.com — Greece Is Limiting How Many People Can Visit the Acropolis Each Day
  • July 10, 2023 theguardian.com — Crowd control measures to be introduced at Acropolis
  • April 29, 2021 news.artnet.com — Dozens of Angry Archaeologists Say a Planned Renovation of the Acropolis Will Degrade the World Heritage Site
  • April 18, 2019 startribune.com — Lightning hits Acropolis in Greece injuring 4, site intact
  • Oct. 11, 2018 theguardian.com — Acropolis to close in one-day strike over privatisation fears
  • Oct. 17, 2015 dailymail.co.uk — Acropolis fees soar to pay for Greek debt
  • Oct. 6, 2014 phys.org — And now the Acropolis is crumbling...
  • April 3, 2014 thestar.co.uk — Rock anchors help stabilise face of the Acropolis
  • Aug. 16, 2011 bloomberg.com — A team of underwater explorers in Greece examined the shipwreck of the Mentor, which sunk in 1802 as it transported marbles from the Parthenon to London
  • Nov. 7, 2008 hri.org — Vatican returns Parthenon fragment
  • April 20, 2008 news.yahoo.com — A senior Greek archaeologist warned this week that the last original sculptures still adorning the Parthenon face a major pollution threat and must be removed to a museum

Community Information

  • Community Category
  • Archaeological site: Ancient Greece
Travel Information
One million visitors or more
One million visitors or more
Over 8.4 million people visited the Acropolis of Athens, home to the Parthenon and …
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Connections of Acropolis
Individual People
  • Jean-Michel Jarre
    In June 2001, Jarre organised two concerts in Athens, on the site of the Acropolis: "Hymn to Akropolis". (Wikipedia)
  • Elias Burton Holmes
  • Lord Byron
    Lived in Athens in 1810. Opposed Lord Elgin's removal of the Parthenon Marbles and wrote "The Curse of Minerva" to denounce Elgin's actions.

    See readytogoebooks.com

  • Theodor Wiegand
    In 1894 he worked under Wilhelm Dörpfeld at the excavation of the Athenian Acropolis. (Wiki). Published "Die archaische Poros-Architektur der Akropolis zu Athen", German Academy of Sciences in Berlin, 1904
  • Earls of Elgin
    The 7th Earl of Elgin (1766-1841). He was British Ambassador to Constantinople 1799-1803. Broadly interpreting the authority he had been granted by the Ottoman authorities he arranged for the removal of the Parthenon marbles between 1801 and 1812 (together with parts of the Propylaea and a Caryatid from the Erechtheum). He ultimately sold them (at a loss to himself) to the British Government who placed them in the British Museum where they controversially are to this day.
  • Pausanias
    He begins his tour in Attica (Ἀττικά), where the city of Athens and its demes dominate the discussion (wiki)

    See www.theoi.com

Geography
Trivia
History
Architecture
  • Designed by or influenced Le Corbusier
    Visited during his 1911 "Voyage d'Orient. Influenced his concept of the "Promenade Architecturale" and the necessity of standardisation
  • Temenos
    Acropolis of Athens is the ἱερὸν τέμενος ("holy temenos") of Pallas Athena. (wiki)
  • Replicas within the WHS
    Erechtheion Caryatids: in 1979 "The Caryatids of Erectheion were replaced by the Greek government with replicas, to protect the originals from the pollution of the city. The original Caryatids are now exhibited in the new Acropolis Museum, with one empty space for the return of their sister from the British Museum." ("Acquired" by Lord Elgin in 1801 along with the "marbles")

    See greektraveltellers.com

  • Restored by anastylosis
    (1902 Parthenon and Erechtheion)
  • Sites from antiquity with identified architects
    Ictinus - "Ancient sources identify Ictinus and Callicrates as co-architects of the Parthenon" (wiki)
Damaged
World Heritage Process
Religion and Belief
  • Goddesses
    Parthenon built to worship Athena
  • Converted Mosques
    Parthenon was used as a Christian church from the 6th century, and turned into a mosque between 1456 and 1687.

    See en.wikipedia.org

  • Virginity
    Parthenon = "Virgin's Place" or "Temple of the Virgin Goddess" i.e Athena who never had a lover or consort - although Hephaestus tried to rape her
Human Activity
Constructions
  • Acropolis
  • Asklepieion
    The Asklepion was situated on the South slope of the Acropolis - "founded in the end of 5th century BCE by a man named Telemachus, who brought the cult of the healer god in Athens from Epidaurus. The place where it was built was selected because there was a small spring, very essential element for the cleaning of the patients.The sanctuary consisted of a the small temple of Asclepius and two stoas. The one was Doric and two-storied. This was used as an infirmary. It was called enkoimeterion (the place where someone sleeps) because there slept the patients waiting to see the god in their dream, giving the advises for treatment or to cure them. A second smaller ionic stoa could be found westwards. It had four rooms in which the various visitors resided. The sanctuary was destroyed in 267 CE by their Heruli and later on, was replaced by a Christian basilica dedicated to the Saints Anargyri, not by chance, as they are considered protectors of health."

    See www.ancientathens3d.com

  • Harem
    "After the Ottoman conquest, the Parthenon was used as the garrison headquarters of the Turkish army,] and the Erechteum was turned into the Governor's private Harem
  • Theatres and Opera Houses
    Remains of an outdoor theatre called Theatre of Dionysus, and the now partially reconstructed Theatre of Herodes Atticus
WHS on Other Lists
Timeline
WHS Hotspots
Visiting conditions
18
News
yahoo.com 08/06/2023
Greece Is Limiting How Many People…
theguardian.com 07/10/2023
Crowd control measures to be intro…
news.artnet.com 04/29/2021
Dozens of Angry Archaeologists Say…
Recent Visitors
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Visitors of Acropolis
Reserved for members.

Community Reviews

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First published: 07/10/20.

Nan

Acropolis By Nan

Acropolis (Inscribed)

Acropolis by Nan

A revisit can always help putting a site into context. It had been 10 years, since I visited the Acropolis for the first and only time. The time had somewhat clouded my appreciation of the site. I only awarded it 4* and considered e.g. the ruins of Agrigento for a Greek ruin or Meteora for Greece as better sites. After my recent revisit, I decided to revise my rating and upgraded it to 4.5*, same as Agrigento and Meteora.

This is classical Greece at it's best. It's a site predating classical Roman monuments by 600 years. The Acropolis is a huge temple that given its age is still very tangible. And with the Acropolis museum you also get to experience the incredible artwork of the stonemasons. How much better can it get?

Admittedly, there are a few distractions. Not sure if they ever intend to finish the renovations and take down the scaffolds. And the Doctor Who style houses set up all over the premises are misplaced. Last but not least, the image of Acropolis is so stereotypical that it may be easy to miss what a human achievement you are actually viewing.

For some strange reason, the surrounding archeological sites are not part of the inscribed zone, only of the buffer zone. Technically, the Acropolis refers to the upper (acro) town (polis). Still, it's weird that the extensive archeological remains directly below (e.g. Dionysus Theatre) and around the hill are not included. Outside Rome itself, it …

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First published: 18/04/19.

Travel Addicts

Acropolis

Acropolis (Inscribed)

Acropolis by Travel Addicts

For many years, Greece was at the top of our travel bucket list. Specifically, we wanted to go to Athens to see the Acropolis and the Parthenon. The economic downturn hit Greece hard and we put our plans on hold. But dreaming became reality in 2017.

Athens is everything we thought it would be. There is so much history around every corner, but nowhere is more impressive than the rocky outcrop of the Acropolis, the UNESCO World Heritage Site in the center of the city. Over 3,000 years ago, this massive rock became the religious center of Ancient Greece.

And at the center, the Parthenon stands over the city. This temple dedicated to Athena was completed in 438 BC and much of the Doric structure still stands today – albeit under scaffolding. We were shocked to learn that Greece started the preservation project in 1975 and it is still going to this day!

One of our favorite things to do in Greece was to sit in one of the cafés at the bottom of the Acropolis and look up at it illuminated at night. The building is just so beautiful.

We’re not museum people, however, we were really pleased we visited the Acropolis Museum at the base of the rock. All of the important artwork from the Acropolis that wasn’t looted is now preserved here. There are sculptures and friezes, but we were shocked to see the number of vases, figurines and other artifacts that were …

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First published: 15/12/18.

Ilya Burlak

Acropolis

Acropolis (Inscribed)

Acropolis by Ilya Burlak

I always find myself awed by grandiose edifices. Beholding the Parthenon up close, unfailingly grandiose despite its ruined state blended with a construction site, made the visit to Acropolis instantly worthwhile. The 5th century BC temple dedicated to Athena, the patron of the city, is nowadays no more than an empty shell, and nonetheless still a signature piece of Doric architecture.

Acropolis is not just about the Parthenon. There is the Erechtheion, just a few decades younger than the Parthenon, with the eye-catching Porch of the Maidens; several smaller temples; two theaters; and other assorted historic remains.

The new Acropolis Museum, which is less than 10 years old, sits underneath the Acropolis hill near the southern slope and is not part of the World Heritage site. It requires a separate fee to enter and undoubtedly has a lot to offer, but I chose to leave it off our itinerary. The Acropolis treasures that currently reside in the British Museum in London – where I saw them several times during my years of living in the UK – are a gaping hole in the museum’s collection, and the Greek government have been waging an understated battle for over three decades now to have them returned to their rightful home. When they are returned to Greece, the museum will become an essential companion to the World Heritage site.

My visit took place in July of 2018. Acropolis is the focal point of Athens, unmissable if you spend any time …

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First published: 22/09/18.

Els Slots

Acropolis

Acropolis (Inscribed)

Acropolis by Els Slots

In 2001, I visited the Athens Acropolis for the first time. I went on a Sunday morning. The entrance was free on that day of the week. I made no note of other visitors, only of being welcomed (or: slightly scared) by 2 stray dogs at the entrance gate. Last month I went back and witnessed what impact the surge in mass tourism has had: the entrance fee is now 20 EUR for this single site and you really have to coordinate your visit well to avoid queuing.

I arrived at the gate at 7.50 am, 10 minutes before opening. This awarded me with spot #5 in the queue for the ticket office, where 5 people in a row just were getting started doing their repetitive work all day. This is not the kind of job that in Greece is replaced by machines quickly – although you can buy e-tickets. At 8 am the queue had grown to some 40 people. Two dogs also came over to have a look, probably not the same individuals that I encountered 17 years ago!

I was one of the first persons at the site that day and on my way up I even met the party of soldiers that hoist the national flag there each day. The Parthenon is a massive structure, still with scaffolding covering most of its interior. This has been the case for a long time and will go on until 2020 at least. The effect is that …

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First published: 13/12/15.

Jay T

Acropolis

Acropolis (Inscribed)

Acropolis by Jay T

The monuments of the Acropolis stand out majestically amidst the Athenian skyline from the summit of Mount Lycabettus. I visited Athens in spring 2013, and thoroughly enjoyed my time at the Acropolis. The partially damaged Parthenon was spectacular to see up close, but I also liked the other ruins on the plateau, including the Propylaea, the Erectheion, and the Temple of Athena Nike. Additionally, on the climb to the Acropolis I passed by the Aeropagus, or Mars Hill, where the apostle Paul addressed the Athenians in the 1st century AD. Two stories I heard about the German occupation of Athens during World War II illustrate the significance the Acropolis maintains to modern Greek identity. One was of a Greek soldier ordered to remove the large Greek flag from the flagpole on the Acropolis in April 1941; the soldier reluctantly complied, wrapped the flag around him, and jumped off the plateau to his death. A few weeks later two Greek youths snuck into the Acropolis and tore down the Nazi flag, inspiring Greek resistance during Axis occupation.

Logistics: You can reach the Acropolis by Metro, taxi, or foot, but a climb is still required to get to the top of the hill

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First published: 04/09/15.

Tom Livesey

Acropolis

Acropolis (Inscribed)

Acropolis by Els Slots

Our trip, in February 2015, gave us two and a half days, which turned out to be quite sufficient for seeing the city’s main sites, both WHS and not.

It was interesting walking past Syntagma Square to see the protesters with their banners decrying Angela Merkel for her insistence that the Greeks continue to walk the path of austerity.

Athens offers a very reasonably-priced ticket that for €12 allows you entry to ten different sites, including the Acropolis.

Walking up to the Acropolis from its south slope we passed the Theatre of Dionysus. This open-air theatre was dedicated to the god known to the Romans as Bacchus – the patron of wine and drama. It was in this theatre that the works of Sophocles and Euripides would have been premiered, and you can still sit on the marble benches. It was quite an amazing place to be.

In addition to the Parthenon, the summit of the Acropolis houses several buildings. They include the Erechtheion, a temple dedicated to Athena and Poseidon. One of the most interesting features of this building is the Porch of the Caryatids, in which six supporting columns were sculpted in the shape of female figures.

The Parthenon itself is not just a pretty building – it has been central to the identity of Athens for dozens of centuries. UNESCO cites the Acropolis as being “the supreme expression of the adaptation of architecture to a natural site”.

The newly-built Acropolis Museum stands near the foot of the …

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First published: 19/06/14.

Clyde

Acropolis

Acropolis (Inscribed)

Acropolis by Clyde

I visited this WHS in June 2014. Although touristy, I really enjoyed my visit and spent a half a day exploring different point of views, buildings, remains and museums included in the 12e entrance fee. Apart from the Parthenon and the Erechtheion with the Porch of Caryatids, I enjoyed visiting the Odeon on the South slope and the surrounding hills, each with a spectacular panoramic view of Athens. I particularly enjoyed visiting the Ancient Agora which is pretty much intact and well worth a visit.

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First published: 28/11/11.

Anonymous

Acropolis

Acropolis (Inscribed)

Acropolis by Els Slots

When we arrived in Greece, we were informed that we had to see the Acropolis right away because they were going to close it for several days for repair. Despite being very tired after a long flight, and hot since it was in August and we didn't have time to change into cooler clothes; we were excited to see these incredible ruins! The Parthenon was laced with ladders and supports but it was still awesome. To imagine how old it is and how long it has survived, was amazing. Much of the deterioration you see is a result of different countries taking pieces of the monuments years ago. this pilfering was apparently common long ago. The area is large and spread about. There is a lot to take in and the time passed quickly before closing. We were able in the following days, to visit the Ancient Agora and the Theatre of Dionysius , the Temple of Zeus and the Temple of Poseidon. There were so many old structures that I wasn't sure why more were not included as World Heritage sites.

Athens held a wealth of history and old architecture. It is a place where you can easily spend several days exploring.

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First published: 01/03/06.

Anonymous

Acropolis

Acropolis (Inscribed)

Acropolis by Els Slots

I felt a bit sentimental walking through the Acropolis, as my dad had been there when he served in the US Navy some 30 years before I went. I looked through some of his old photos and saw one of him squatting in front of the Parthenon. I copied his pose and had a photo taken of me in front of the Parthenon. I was also enchanted by the caryatids (pictured above), which I studied in my high school humanities class.

It was stinking hot when I went so if you are going in the summer, be sure to have a hat and sunglasses; you'll need them! I also recommend the nearby Dora Stratou Theatre to watch some traditional Greek dancing!

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First published: 06/11/05.

Anonymous

Acropolis

Acropolis (Inscribed)

Acropolis by Els Slots

Thanks for creating such a wonderful site. My religous courses and your guidance helped to achieve perfect satisfication. Athens is an amazing city and I hope to one day visit again. The Acropolis is beautiful especially the great views from above. During the summer months, Whenever I travel, I make sure I check your site to see if there are any World Heritage Sites around the area.

Thanks Again!

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First published: 07/06/05.

Ben Pastore

Acropolis

Acropolis (Inscribed)

Acropolis by Els Slots

The Acropolis is one of the best cityscape vantage points I've ever seen. Looking down on Mars Hill, a.k.a. the Areopagus, I could just image the apostle Paul addressing the gathered Athenian intellectual community. As the seat of an influential world empire, this site in the heart of Athens gives one real perspective and meaning behind the Greek contributions to the world.

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First published: 01/05/05.

Christer Sundberg

Acropolis

Acropolis (Inscribed)

Acropolis by Christer Sundberg

Visiting the classical of all classical World Heritage Sites – The Acropolis of Athens - could not have been a better for me. Having got up early on a bright and sunny Saturday morning in July, I was rewarded with an almost empty town - still in its morning slumber yet to wake up to a new busy day. From my hotel near the Omonia square I walked pass the fish market, where the smell of fresh fish told that new day of commerce was just about to begin, down to the Monastraki square where only one or two of the many souvenir shops had yet opened their doors.

Before walking up the Acropolis hill I sat myself down on one of the many outdoor cafes in Plaka and ordered a cold cappuccino, a quite a popular drink all around Greece I later found out. But I guess anything that is COLD in a country where it’s usually +35 half of the year is highly appreciated.

Walking up the hill did not prove to be as exhausting as many of my friends had told me. The recommendation to be early proved to be hundred percent correct though. Even if I arrived at the entrance at quarter passed eight in the morning on a Saturday, it was still quite a number of tourists already in place. To avoid them as much as possible I quickly walked up the last bit to the magnificent entrance of the Acropolis - the Propylaia - …

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First published: 01/05/05.

Klaus Freisinger

Acropolis

Acropolis (Inscribed)

Acropolis by Els Slots

Athens is an interesting city and much less dirty, crowded, and noisy than most people seem to believe, but its attractions are few and far between (great archaeological museum, though). The one exception, though, is of course the Acropolis. It can be seen from almost everywhere in the city and is probably the greatest surviving ancient monument anywhere. Its WH listing says that it symbolizes the idea of world heritage, and that's certainly true. Not only its architectural, cultural, and historical significance is enormous, but it can also be considered to be the birthplace of democracy. So walk up the hill (not very strenuous), enjoy the view, see the temples and the museum, and be aware that everything that makes Western civilization unique started from here. An unmissable and unforgettable experience.

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First published: 01/05/05.

Anonymous

Acropolis

Acropolis (Inscribed)

Acropolis by Els Slots

The Acropolis was one of the most wonderous places I have visited in a long time. The site is being preserved, and you cant go into the parthenon. But, nonetheless, all the other amazing attractions still captivated my attention. Traffic can be a problem, so I reccomend hiring a guide, or a tour which will take you on the bus.

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