"In addition to the walls, the property includes many other important original elements such as (...) the residences including palaces and towerhouses." (Official description)

the oldest towerhouse in the Alps (from the 10th century)
See www.swissworld.org

Square Tower House

Ca. 40 patrician houses

Typical houses consist of a tall stone block structure which can be up to five stories high (kule at Gjirokastra)

"Tower houses are found in detached areas to the south, west, and north of the city, some of which may have been used for defence purposes." (AB Ev)

stylites

Hrelyo's Tower, built in 1334-5 by protosebastos Hrelja in the courtyard of the Rila Monastery, is a pre-Ottoman example of an autonomous tower that served residential as well as defensive purposes (wiki)

Takienta tower houses

"Jeddah’s Roshan tower houses are an outstanding example of a typology of buildings unique within the Arab and Moslem world." (Crit iv)

See www.arttrav.com

"(...) profound changes from the 11th and 12th centuries (...) A series of castles were built on the margins of the valley, and others were developed as centres of pastoral culture in the mountain region. In addition, there were new rural settlements, including the characteristic Umbrian building type of tower house, which remains a feature of all Assisi iconography until the present day." (AB Ev)

On top of the tell are the remains of a cluster of traditional Yemeni tower houses (AB ev)